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INFO-DIR-SECTION Software development
START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
* cobc: (gnucobol)Compile.      The GnuCOBOL compiler.
END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY

INFO-DIR-SECTION COBOL
START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
* GnuCOBOL: (gnucobol).         A COBOL compiler
END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY

INFO-DIR-SECTION GnuCOBOL
START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
* Overview: (gnucobol).         COBOL compiler overview.
END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY


File: gnucobol.info,  Node: Top,  Next: Getting started,  Up: (dir)

Welcome to the GnuCOBOL 3.2 manual.

* Menu:

* Getting started::             Introduction to GnuCOBOL
* Compile::                     Compiling COBOL programs
* Customize::                   Customizing the compiler
* Optimize::                    Optimizing your program
* Debug::                       Debugging your program
* Extensions::                  Non-standard extensions
* System Routines::             Additional routines
* Appendices::                  List of supported features and options,
                                Compiler and Runtime Configuration,
                                Documentation License


 -- The Detailed Node Listing --

Getting started

* Hello world!::                Hello, world!

Compile

* Compiler options::            Compiler options
* Multiple sources::            Compiling multiple source files
* C interface::                 Dealing with C files

Compiler options

* Help options::                Help options
* Build target::                Build target
* Source format::               Source format
* Warning options::             Warning options
* Configuration options::       Configuration options
* Listing options::             Listing options
* Debug switches::              Debug switches
* Miscellaneous::               Miscellaneous

Multiple sources

* Static linking::              Compiling into a single executable
* Dynamic linking::             A main program and separate modules
* Building library::            Building a shared library
* Using library::               Using external libraries

C interface

* Main C program::              Writing main program in C
* Static C to COBOL::
* Dynamic C to COBOL::
* Static COBOL to C::
* Dynamic COBOL to C::

Customize

* Customizing compiler::        Customizing compiler
* Customizing library::         Customizing library

Optimize

* Optimize options::            How to enable optimization
* Optimize call::               Call subroutines efficiently
* Optimize binary::             Use efficient binary representation

Debug

* Debug options::               Debug options
* Debugger::                    Source Level Debugger
* Memory Dumps::                Memory Dumps
* Core Dumps::                  Core Dumps
* Trace::                       Tracing execution

Extensions

* SELECT::                      SELECT ASSIGN TO.
* Indexed::                     Indexed file packages.
* Extended ACCEPT::             Extended ACCEPT statement.
* ACCEPT special::              ACCEPT special keys.
* Extended DISPLAY::            Extended DISPLAY statement.
* FUNCTION CONTENT-LENGTH::     Length of NUL byte terminated pointer data.
* FUNCTION CONTENT-OF::         Content of data at pointer, by length or NUL.

System Routines

* CBL_GC_GETOPT                 GETOPT for COBOL
* CBL_GC_HOSTED                 Access to C hosted variables
* CBL_GC_NANOSLEEP              Sleep for nanoseconds
* CBL_GC_FORK                   Fork the current COBOL process to a new one
* CBL_GC_WAITPID                Wait for a system process to end

Appendices

* Appendix A                    Compiler 'cobc' options
* Appendix B                    Reserved Words
* Appendix C                    Intrinsic Functions
* Appendix D                    System routines
* Appendix E                    System names
* Appendix F                    Exception names
* Appendix G                    Compiler Configuration
* Appendix H                    Module loader 'cobcrun' options
* Appendix I                    Runtime configuration
* Appendix J                    GNU Free Documentation License



File: gnucobol.info,  Node: Getting started,  Next: Compile,  Prev: Top,  Up: Top

1 Getting started
*****************

* Menu:

* Hello world!::                Hello, world!


File: gnucobol.info,  Node: Hello world!,  Up: Getting started

1.1 Hello, world!
=================

This is a sample program that displays "Hello, world!":

     ---- hello.cob -------------------------
           * Sample COBOL program
            IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
            PROGRAM-ID. hello.
            PROCEDURE DIVISION.
                DISPLAY "Hello, world!".
                STOP RUN.
     ----------------------------------------


   The compiler, 'cobc', is executed as follows:

     $ cobc -x hello.cob
     $ ./hello
     Hello, world!


   The executable file name ('hello' in this case) is determined by
removing the extension from the source file name.


   You can specify the executable file name by specifying the compiler
option '-o' as follows:

     $ cobc -x -o hello-world hello.cob
     $ ./hello-world
     Hello, world!


   The program can be written in a more modern style, with free format
code, inline comments, the 'GOBACK' verb and an optional 'END-DISPLAY'
terminator:

     ---- hellonew.cob ----------------
     *> Sample GnuCOBOL program
     identification division.
     program-id. hellonew.
     procedure division.
     display
        "Hello, new world!"
     end-display
     goback.
     ----------------------------------

   To compile free-format code, you must use the compiler option
'-free'.

     $ cobc -x -free hellonew.cob
     $ ./hellonew
     Hello, new world!


File: gnucobol.info,  Node: Compile,  Next: Customize,  Prev: Getting started,  Up: Top

2 Compile
*********

This chapter describes how to compile COBOL programs using GnuCOBOL.

* Menu:

* Compiler options::            Compiler options
* Multiple sources::            Compiling multiple source files
* C interface::                 Dealing with C files


File: gnucobol.info,  Node: Compiler options,  Next: Multiple sources,  Up: Compile

2.1 Compiler options
====================

The compiler 'cobc' accepts the options described in this section.  The
compiler arguments follow the general syntax 'cobc OPTIONS FILE [FILE
...]'.  A complete list of options can be displayed by using the option
'--help'.

* Menu:

* Help options::                Help options
* Build target::                Build target
* Source format::               Source format
* Warning options::             Warning options
* Configuration options::       Configuration options
* Listing options::             Listing options
* Debug switches::              Debug switches
* Miscellaneous::               Miscellaneous


File: gnucobol.info,  Node: Help options,  Next: Build target,  Up: Compiler options

2.1.1 Help options
------------------

The following switches display information about the compiler:

'--help, -h'
     Display help screen (*note Appendix A::).  No further actions will
     be taken.

'--version, -V'
     Display compiler version, author package date and executable build
     date.  No further actions will be taken.

'-dumpversion'
     Display internal compiler version (plain string of numbers).  No
     further actions will be taken.

'--info'
     Display build information along with the default and current
     compiler configurations.  No further actions will be taken except
     for further display options.

'--verbose, -v'
     Verbosely display the programs invoked during compilation and
     additional diagnostics.  Use multiple times to increase the
     verbosity.

'--list-reserved'
     Display reserved words (*note Appendix B::).  A Yes/No output shows
     if the word is supported (1), context sensitive and its aliases.
     The given options for reserved words specified for example by
     option '-std=DIALECT' will be taken into account.  No further
     actions will be taken except for further display options.

'--list-intrinsics'
     Display intrinsic functions (*note Appendix C::).  A Y/N field
     shows if the function is implemented.  No further actions will be
     taken except for further display options.

'--list-system'
     Display system routines (*note Appendix D::).  No further actions
     will be taken except for further display options.

'--list-mnemonics'
     Display mnemonic names (*note Appendix E::).  No further actions
     will be taken except for further display options.

'--list-exceptions'
     Display exception names (*note Appendix F::).  No further actions
     will be taken except for further display options.

   ---------- Footnotes ----------

   (1) Support may be partial or complete.


File: gnucobol.info,  Node: Build target,  Next: Source format,  Prev: Help options,  Up: Compiler options

2.1.2 Build target
------------------

The compiler 'cobc' treats files like '*.cob', '*.cbl' as COBOL source
code, '*.c' as C source code, '*.o' as object code, '*.i' as
preprocessed code and '*.so' as dynamic modules and knows how to handle
such files in the generation, compilation, and linking steps.

   The special input name '-' takes input from 'stdin' which is assumed
to be COBOL source, and uses a default output name of 'a.out' (or
'a.so/c/o/i', selected as appropriate) for the build type.

   You may also use '-' as output name for the listing file or the
preprocessor result, for example with 'cobc -t - prog.cob' / 'cobc -P-
prog.cob'.

   By default, the compiler builds a dynamically loadable module.

   The following options specify the target type produced by the
compiler:

'-E'
     Preprocess only: compiler directives are executed, comment lines
     are removed and 'COPY' statements are expanded.  The output is sent
     to stdout, allowing you to directly use it as input for another
     process.  You can manually set an output file using '-o'.

'-C'
     Translation only.  COBOL source files are translated into C files.
     The output is saved in file '*.c'.

'--save-temps'
     Normal compilation with additional storing the preprocessed files
     as '*.i' and the translated C files as file '*.c'.

'-S'
     Compile only.  Translated C files are compiled by the C compiler to
     assembler code.  The output is saved in file '*.s'.

'-c'
     Compile and assemble.  This is equivalent to 'cc -c'.  The output
     is saved in file '*.o'.

'-m'
     Compile, assemble, and build a dynamically loadable module (i.e., a
     shared library).  The output is saved in file '*.so'.  (1) This is
     the default behaviour.

'-b'
     Compile, assemble, and combine all input files into a single
     dynamically loadable module.  Unless '-o' is also used, the output
     is saved using the first filename as '*.so'.

'-x'
     Include the main function in the output, creating an executable
     image.  The main entry point being the first program in the file.

     This option takes effect at the translation stage.  If you give
     this option with '-C', you will see the main function at the end of
     the generated C file.

'-j, -job, -j=ARGS, -job=ARGS'
     Run job after compilation.  Either from executable with '-x', or
     with 'cobcrun' when compiling a module.  Optional arguments ARGS,
     if given, are passed to the program or module command line.

'-I DIRECTORY'
     Add DIRECTORY to copy/include search path.

'-L DIRECTORY'
     Add DIRECTORY to library search path.

'-l LIB'
     Link the library LIB.

'-D DEFINE'
     Pass DEFINE to the COBOL compiler.

'-o FILE'
     Place the output into FILE.

   ---------- Footnotes ----------

   (1) The extension varies depending on your host.


File: gnucobol.info,  Node: Source format,  Next: Warning options,  Prev: Build target,  Up: Compiler options

2.1.3 Source format
-------------------

GnuCOBOL supports fixed, free, Micro Focus' Variable, X/Open Free-form,
ICOBOL xCard and Free-form, ACUCOBOL-GT Terminal, and COBOLX source
formats.  By default, the compiler tries to autodetect the format using
the indicator on the first line, using the fixed format for correct
indicators and the free format for incorrect ones.  This can be
overridden either by the '>>SOURCE [FORMAT] [IS]
{FIXED|FREE|COBOL85|VARIABLE|XOPEN|XCARD|CRT|TERMINAL|COBOLX|AUTO}'
directive, or by one of the following options:

'-free, -F, -fformat=free'
     Free format.  The program-text area starts in column 1 and
     continues till the end of line (effectively 255 characters in
     GnuCOBOL).

'-fixed, -fformat=fixed'
     Fixed format.  Source code is divided into: columns 1-6, the
     sequence number area; column 7, the indicator area; columns 8-72,
     the program-text area; and columns 72-80 as the reference area.(1)

'-fformat=cobol85'
     Fixed format with enforcements on the use of Area A.

'-fformat=variable'
     Micro Focus' Variable format.  Identical to the fixed format above
     except for the program-text area which extends up to column 250
     instead of 72.

'-fformat=xcard'
     ICOBOL xCard format.  Variable format with right margin set at
     column 255 instead of 250.

'-fformat=xopen'
     X/Open Free-form format.  The program-text area may start in column
     1 unless an indicator is present, and lines may contain up to 255
     characters.  Indicator for debugging lines is 'D ' (D followed by a
     space) instead of 'D' or 'd'.

'-fformat=crt'
     ICOBOL Free-form format (CRT). Similar to the X/Open format above,
     with lines containing up to 320 characters and single-character
     debugging line indicators ('D' or 'd').

'-fformat=terminal'
     ACUCOBOL-GT Terminal format.  Similar to the CRT format above, with
     indicator for debugging lines being '\D' instead of 'D' or 'd'.
     This format is mostly compatible with VAX COBOL terminal source
     format.

'-fformat=cobolx'
     COBOLX format.  This format is similar to the CRT format above,
     except that the indicator area is always present in column 1; the
     program-text area starts in column 2 and extends up to the end of
     the record.  Lines may contain up to 255 characters.

'-fformat=auto'
     Autodetection of format.  The compiler will use the first line of
     the file to detect whether the file is in fixed format (with a
     correct indicator at position 7), or in free format.

   Note that with source formats 'XOPEN', 'CRT', 'TERMINAL', and
'COBOLX', missing spaces are not inserted within continued alphanumeric
literals that are truncated before the right margin.

   _Area A_ denotes the source code that spans between margin A and
margin B, and Area B spans from the latter to the end of the record.
_Area A enforcement_ checks the contents of Area A, and reports any item
that does not belong to the correct Area: this feature helps in
developping COBOL programs that are portable to actual mainframe
environments.

   In general, division, section, and paragraph names must start in Area
A. In the 'DATA DIVISION', level numbers '01' and '77', must also start
in Area A. In the 'PROCEDURE DIVISION's, statements and separator
periods must fit within Area B. Every source format listed above may be
subject to Area A enforcement, except 'FIXED', 'FREE', and 'XOPEN'.

   Note that Area A enforcement enables recovery from missing periods
between paragraphs and sections.

   ---------- Footnotes ----------

   (1) Historically, fixed format was based on 80-character punch cards.


File: gnucobol.info,  Node: Warning options,  Next: Configuration options,  Prev: Source format,  Up: Compiler options

2.1.4 Warning options
---------------------

Warnings are diagnostic messages that report constructions that are not
inherently erroneous but that are risky or suggest there may have been
an error.

   The following options do not enable specific warnings but control the
kinds of diagnostics produced by 'cobc'.

'-fsyntax-only'
     Check Check the code for syntax errors, but don’t do anything
     beyond that.

'-fmax-errors=N'
     Limits the maximum number of error messages to N, at which point
     'cobc' bails out rather than attempting to continue processing the
     source code.  If N is 0, there is no limit on the number of error
     messages produced.  If '-Wfatal-errors' is also specified, then
     '-Wfatal-errors' takes precedence over this option.

'-w'
     Inhibit all warning messages.

'-Werror'
     Make all warnings into errors.

'-Werror=WARNING'
     Make the specified WARNING into an error.  The specifier for a
     warning is appended; for example '-Werror=obsolete' turns the
     warnings controlled by '-Wobsolete' into errors.  This switch takes
     a negative form, to be used to negate '-Werror' for specific
     warnings; for example '-Wno-error=obsolete' makes '-Wobsolete'
     warnings not be errors, even when '-Werror' is in effect.

     The warning message for each controllable warning includes the
     option that controls the warning.  That option can then be used
     with '-Werror=' and '-Wno-error=' as described above.  (Printing of
     the option in the warning message can be disabled using the
     '-fno-diagnostics-show-option' flag.)

     Note that specifying '-Werror=foo' automatically implies '-Wfoo'.
     However, '-Wno-error=foo' does not imply anything.

'-Wfatal-errors'

     This option causes the compiler to abort compilation on the first
     error occurred rather than trying to keep going and printing
     further error messages.


   You can request many specific warnings with options beginning with
'-W', for example '-Wimplicit-define' to request warnings on implicit
declarations.  Each of these specific warning options also has a
negative form beginning '-Wno' to turn off warnings; for example,
'-Wno-implicit-define'.  This manual lists only one of the two forms,
whichever is not the default.

   Some options, such as '-Wall' and '-Wextra', turn on other options,
such as '-Wtruncate'.  The combined effect of positive and negative
forms is that more specific options have priority over less specific
ones, independently of their position in the command-line.  For options
of the same specificity, the last one takes effect.

'-Wall'
     Enable all the warnings about constructions that some users
     consider questionable, and that are easy to avoid (or modify to
     prevent the warning).
     The list of warning flags turned on by this option is shown in
     '--help'.

'-Wextra, -W'
     Enable every possible warning that is not dialect specific.  This
     includes more information than '-Wall' would normally provide.
     (This option used to be called '-W'.  The older name is still
     supported, but the newer name is more descriptive.)

'-WWARNING'
     Enable single warning WARNING.

'-Wno-WARNING'
     Disable single warning WARNING.

'-Warchaic'
     Warn if archaic features are used, such as continuation lines or
     the 'NEXT SENTENCE' statement.

'-Wcall-params'
     Warn if non-01/77-level items are used as arguments in a 'CALL'
     statement.  This is _not_ set with '-Wall'.

'-Wcolumn-overflow'
     Warn if text after column 72 in FIXED format.  This is _not_ set
     with '-Wall'.

'-Wconstant'
     Warn inconsistent constant

'-Wimplicit-define'
     Warn if implicitly defined data items are used.

'-Wlinkage'
     Warn dangling 'LINKAGE' items.  This is _not_ set with '-Wall'.

'-Wobsolete'
     Warn if obsolete features are used.

'-Wparentheses'
     Warn about any lack of parentheses around 'AND' within 'OR'.

'-Wredefinition'
     Warn about incompatible redefinitions of data items.

'-Wstrict-typing'
     Warn about type mismatch strictly.

'-Wterminator'
     Warn about the lack of scope terminator END-XXX. This is _not_ set
     with '-Wall'.

'-Wtruncate'
     Warn on possible field truncation.  This is _not_ set with '-Wall'.

'-Wconstant-expression'
'-Wconstant-numlit-expression'
     Warn about expressions that always resolve to true/false and
     therefore lead to unreachable code.

'-Wunreachable'
     Warn if statements are likely unreachable.  This is _not_ set with
     '-Wall'.

'-Wadditional'
     Enable warnings that don't have an own warning flag.


File: gnucobol.info,  Node: Configuration options,  Next: Listing options,  Prev: Warning options,  Up: Compiler options

2.1.5 Configuration options
---------------------------

The compiler uses many dialect specific options.  These may be set via a
defined dialect by '-std=', a configuration file by '-conf=' or by using
the single dialect flags directly.

   *Note Compiler Configuration: Appendix G, and 'config/*.conf'.

   Note concerning the defined dialects: The GnuCOBOL compiler tries to
limit both the feature-set and reserved words to the specified compiler
when the "strict" dialects are used.  COBOL sources compiled with these
dialects are therefore _likely_ to compile with the specified compiler
and vice versa: sources that were compiled on the specified compiler
should compile without any issues with GnuCOBOL.
With the "non-strict" dialects GnuCOBOL will activate the complete
feature-set where it doesn't directly conflict with the specified
dialect, including reserved words.  COBOL sources compiled with these
dialects therefore may work only with GnuCOBOL. COBOL sources may need a
change because of reserved words in GnuCOBOL, otherwise offending words
WORD-1 and WORD-2 may be removed by '-fno-reserved=WORD-1,WORD-1'.

   The dialects COBOL-85, X/Open COBOL, COBOL 2002 and COBOL 2014 are
always "strict".

'-std=DIALECT'
     Compiler uses the given DIALECT to determine certain compiler
     features and warnings.

'-std=default'
     GnuCOBOL dialect, supporting many of the COBOL 2002 and COBOL 2014
     features, many extensions found in other dialects and its own
     feature-set

'-std=cobol85'
     COBOL-85 without any extensions other than the amendment Intrinsic
     Function Module (1989), source compiled with this dialect is likely
     to compile with most COBOL compilers

'-std=xopen'
     X/Open COBOL (based on COBOL-85) without any vendor extensions,
     source compiled with this dialect is likely to compile with most
     COBOL compilers; will warn items that "should not be used in a
     conforming X/Open COBOL source program"

'-std=cobol2002, -std=cobol2014'
     COBOL 2002 / COBOL 2014 without any vendor extensions, use
     '-Warchaic' and '-Wobsolete' if archaic/obsolete features should be
     flagged

'-std=ibm-strict, -std=ibm'
     IBM compatible

'-std=mvs-strict, -std=mvs'
     MVS compatible

'-std=mf-strict, -std=mf'
     Micro Focus compatible

'-std=bs2000-strict, -std=bs2000'
     BS2000 compatible

'-std=acu-strict, -std=acu'
     ACUCOBOL-GT compatible

'-std=rm-strict, -std=rm'
     RM/COBOL compatible

'-std=realia-strict, -std=realia'
     CA Realia II compatible

'-std=gcos-strict, -std=gcos'
     GCOS compatible

'-freserved-words=DIALECT'
     Compiler uses the given DIALECT to determine the reserved words.

'-conf=<file>'
     User-defined dialect configuration.

'-febcdic-table=CCONV-TABLE/FILE'
     EBCDIC/ASCII translation table to use; either read from FILE, or
     one of the existing CCONV-TABLE from the configuration directory
     (see 'cobc --info') which have a .ttbl extension, for example
     '-febcdic-table=alternate'.
     See the 'default.ttbl' file for detailed information about the
     format.

   You can override each single configuration entry by using compiler
configuration options on the command line.

   Examples:

'-frelax-syntax-checks'
'-frenames-uncommon-levels=warning'
'-fnot-reserved=CHAIN,SCREEN'
'-ftab-width=4'
   *Note Compiler 'cobc' options: Appendix A.


File: gnucobol.info,  Node: Listing options,  Next: Debug switches,  Prev: Configuration options,  Up: Compiler options

2.1.6 Listing options
---------------------

'-t=FILE'
     Generate and place the standard print listing into 'FILE'.

'-T=FILE'
     Generate and place a wide print listing into '*FILE'.

'--tlines=LINES'
     Specify lines per page in print listing, default = 55.  Set to zero
     for no additional page breaks.

'-ftsymbols'
     Generate symbol table in listing.

'-fno-theader'
     Suppress all headers from listing while keeping page breaks.

'-fno-tmessages'
     Suppress warning and error summary from listing.

'-fno-tsource'
     Suppress actual source from listing (for example to only produce
     the cross-reference).

'-P, -PDIRECTORY, -P=FILE'
     Generate and place a preprocessed listing (old format) into
     'FILENAME.lst', 'DIRECTORY/FILENAME.lst', 'FILE'.

'-Xref'
'-X'
     Generate cross reference in the listing.

   Here is an example program listing with the options '-t -ftsymbols':

     GnuCOBOL 3.0.0   test.cbl                   Mon May 14 10:23:45 2018  Page 0001

     LINE    PG/LN  A...B...........................................................

     000001         IDENTIFICATION   DIVISION.
     000002         PROGRAM-ID.      prog.
     000003         ENVIRONMENT DIVISION.
     000004         CONFIGURATION SECTION.
     000005         DATA             DIVISION.
     000006         WORKING-STORAGE  SECTION.
     000007         COPY 'values.cpy'.
     000001C        78  I   VALUE 20.
     000002C        78  J   VALUE 5000.
     000003C        78  M   VALUE 5.
     000008         01  SETUP-REC.
     000009             05  FL1       PIC X(04).
     000010             05  FL2       PIC ZZZZZ.
     000011             05  FL3       PIC 9(04).
     000012             05  FL4       PIC 9(08) COMP.
     000013             05  FL5       PIC 9(04) COMP-4.
     000014             05  FL6       PIC Z,ZZZ.99.
     000015             05  FL7       PIC S9(05) SIGN LEADING SEPARATE.
     000016             05  FL8       PIC X(04).
     000017             05  FL9 REDEFINES FL8 PIC 9(04).
     000018             05  FLA.
     000019                 10  FLB OCCURS I TIMES.
     000020                     15  FLC PIC X(02).
     000021                 10  FLD   PIC X(20).
     000022             05  FLD1      PIC X(100).
     000023             05  FLD2 OCCURS M TO J TIMES DEPENDING ON FL5.
     000024                 10  FILLER PIC X(01).
     000025             05  FLD3      PIC X(3).
     000026             05  FLD4      PIC X(4).
     000027         PROCEDURE        DIVISION.
     000028             STOP RUN.

   The first part of the listing lists the program text.  If the program
text is a COPY the line number reflects the COPY line number and is
appended with a 'C'.

   When the wide list option '-T' is specified, the 'SEQUENCE' columns
(for fixed-form reference-format) are included in the listing.

   The second part of the listing file is the listing of the Symbol
Table:

     GnuCOBOL 3.0.0   test.cbl                   Mon May 14 10:23:45 2018  Page 0002

     SIZE TYPE           LVL  NAME                           PICTURE

     5204 GROUP          01   SETUP-REC
     0004 ALPHANUMERIC   05     FL1                          X(04)
     0005 ALPHANUMERIC   05     FL2                          ZZZZZ
     0004 ALPHANUMERIC   05     FL3                          9(04)
     0004 NUMERIC        05     FL4                          9(08) COMP
     0002 NUMERIC        05     FL5                          9(04) COMP
     0008 ALPHANUMERIC   05     FL6                          Z,ZZZ.99
     0006 ALPHANUMERIC   05     FL7                          S9(05)
     0004 ALPHANUMERIC   05     FL8                          X(04)
     0004 ALPHANUMERIC-R 05     FL9                          9(04)
     0060 ALPHANUMERIC   05     FLA
     0040 ALPHANUMERIC   10       FLB                        OCCURS 20
     0002 ALPHANUMERIC   15         FLC                      X(02)
     0020 ALPHANUMERIC   10       FLD                        X(20)
     0100 ALPHANUMERIC   05     FLD1                         X(100)
     5000 ALPHANUMERIC   05     FLD2                         OCCURS 5 TO 5000
     0001 ALPHANUMERIC   10       FILLER                     X(01)
     0003 ALPHANUMERIC   05     FLD3                         X(3)
     0004 ALPHANUMERIC   05     FLD4                         X(4)

   If the symbol redefines another variable the 'TYPE' is marked with
'R'.  If the symbol is an array the 'OCCURS' phrase is in the 'PICTURE'
field.

   The last part of the listing file is the summary of warnings an error
in the compilation group:

     0 warnings in compilation group
     2 errors in compilation group


File: gnucobol.info,  Node: Debug switches,  Next: Miscellaneous,  Prev: Listing options,  Up: Compiler options

2.1.7 Debug switches
--------------------

'-g'
     Produce C debugging information in the output.

'--debug, -d'
     Enable all run-time error checks.

'-fmemory-check=scope'
     Enable checking of internal storage during CALL (implied by
     '--debug'.

'-fec=exception-name, -fno=ec=exception-name'
     Enable/disable specified exception checks, *note Exception Names:
     Appendix F.; '--debug' implies '-fec=ALL'.

'-fsource-location'
     Generate source location code (implied by '--debug', '-fdump' and
     '-fec').

'-fstack-check'
     Enable 'PERFORM' stack checking (implied by '--debug' or '-g').

'-ftrace'
     Generate trace code (log executed procedures, if tracing is
     enabled).

'-ftraceall'
     Generate trace code (log executed procedures and statements, if
     tracing is enabled).

'-fdebugging-line'
     Enable debugging lines ('D' in indicator column; '>>D' directive).

'-O'
     Enable optimization of code size and execution speed.  See your C
     compiler documentation, for example 'man gcc' for details.

'-O2'
     Optimize even more.

'-Os'
     Optimize for size.  Optimizer will favour code size over execution
     speed.

'-fnotrunc'
     Do not truncate binary fields according to PICTURE.


File: gnucobol.info,  Node: Miscellaneous,  Prev: Debug switches,  Up: Compiler options

2.1.8 Miscellaneous
-------------------

'-ext <extension>'
     Add default file extension.

'-fintrinsics=[ALL|intrinsic function name(,name,...)]'
     Allow use of all or specific intrinsic functions without 'FUNCTION'
     keyword.

     Note: defining this within your source with 'CONFIGURATION SECTION.
     REPOSITORY.' is preferred.

'-ffold-copy=LOWER'
     Fold 'COPY' subject to lower case (default no transformation).

'-ffold-copy=UPPER'
     Fold 'COPY' subject to upper case (default no transformation).

'-save-temps(=<dir>)'
     Save intermediate files (by default, in current directory).

'-fimplicit-init'
     Do automatic initialization of the COBOL runtime system.


File: gnucobol.info,  Node: Multiple sources,  Next: C interface,  Prev: Compiler options,  Up: Compile

2.2 Multiple sources
====================

This section describes how to compile a program from multiple source
files.

   This section also describes how to build a shared library that can be
used by any COBOL program and how to use external libraries in COBOL
programs.

* Menu:

* Static linking::              Compiling into a single executable
* Dynamic linking::             A main program and separate modules
* Building library::            Building a shared library
* Using library::               Using external libraries


File: gnucobol.info,  Node: Static linking,  Next: Dynamic linking,  Up: Multiple sources

2.2.1 Static linking
--------------------

The easiest way of combining multiple files is to compile them into a
single executable.

   One way is to compile all the files in one command:

     $ cobc -x -o prog main.cob subr1.cob subr2.cob

   Another way is to compile each file with the option '-c', and link
them at the end.  The top-level program must be compiled with the option
'-x'.

     $ cobc -c subr1.cob
     $ cobc -c subr2.cob
     $ cobc -c -x main.cob
     $ cobc -x -o prog main.o subr1.o subr2.o

   You can link C routines as well using either method:

     $ cobc -o prog main.cob subrs.c

   or
     $ cobc -c subrs.c
     $ cobc -c -x main.cob
     $ cobc -x -o prog main.o subrs.o

   Any number of functions can be contained in a single C file.

   The linked programs will be called dynamically; that is, the symbol
will be resolved at run time.  For example, the following COBOL
statement

     CALL "subr" USING X.

   will be converted into equivalent C code like this:

     int (*func)() = cob_resolve("subr");
     if (func != NULL)
       func (X);

   With the compiler option '-fstatic-call', more efficient code will be
generated:

     subr(X);

   Please notice that this option only takes effect when the called
program name is in a literal (like 'CALL "subr"').  With a data name
(like 'CALL SUBR'), the program is still called dynamically.


File: gnucobol.info,  Node: Dynamic linking,  Next: Building library,  Prev: Static linking,  Up: Multiple sources

2.2.2 Dynamic linking
---------------------

There are two methods to achieve this: a driver program, or compiling
the main program and subprograms separately.

2.2.2.1 Driver program
......................

Compile all programs with the option '-m':
     $ cobc -m main.cob subr.cob
   This creates the shared object files 'main.so' and 'subr.so'.  (1)

   Before running the main program, install the module files in your
library directory:
     $ cp subr.so /your/cobol/lib
   Set the runtime variable 'COB_LIBRARY_PATH' to your library
directory, and run the main program:
     $ export COB_LIBRARY_PATH=/your/cobol/lib
   (_Please notice:_ You may set the variable via a runtime
configuration file, *note Runtime Configuration: Appendix I. You may
also set the variable to directly point to the directory where you
compiled the sources.)

   Now execute your program:
     $ cobcrun main

2.2.2.2 Compiling programs separately
.....................................

The main program is compiled as usual:
     $ cobc -x -o main main.cob

   Subprograms are compiled with the option '-m':
     $ cobc -m subr.cob
   This creates a module file 'subr.so'(2).

   Before running the main program, install the module files in your
library directory:
     $ cp subr.so /your/cobol/lib

   Now, set the environment variable 'COB_LIBRARY_PATH' to your library
directory, and run the main program:
     $ export COB_LIBRARY_PATH=/your/cobol/lib
     $ ./main

   ---------- Footnotes ----------

   (1) The extension used depends on your operating system.

   (2) The extension used depends on your operating system.


File: gnucobol.info,  Node: Building library,  Next: Using library,  Prev: Dynamic linking,  Up: Multiple sources

2.2.3 Building library
----------------------

You can build a shared library by combining multiple COBOL programs and
even C routines:

     $ cobc -c subr1.cob
     $ cobc -c subr2.cob
     $ cc -c subr3.c
     $ cc -shared -o libsubrs.so subr1.o subr2.o subr3.o


File: gnucobol.info,  Node: Using library,  Prev: Building library,  Up: Multiple sources

2.2.4 Using library
-------------------

You can use a shared library by linking it with your main program.

   Before linking the library, install it in your system library
directory:
     $ cp libsubrs.so /usr/lib
   or install it somewhere else and set 'LD_LIBRARY_PATH':
     $ cp libsubrs.so /your/cobol/lib
     $ export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/your/cobol/lib

   Then, compile the main program, linking the library as follows:
     $ cobc -x main.cob -L/your/cobol/lib -lsubrs


File: gnucobol.info,  Node: C interface,  Prev: Multiple sources,  Up: Compile

2.3 C interface
===============

This chapter describes how to combine C programs with COBOL programs.

* Menu:

* Main C program::              Writing main program in C
* Static C to COBOL::
* Dynamic C to COBOL::
* Static COBOL to C::
* Dynamic COBOL to C::
* Interface functions for C::
* Loading translation tables::


File: gnucobol.info,  Node: Main C program,  Next: Static C to COBOL,  Up: C interface

2.3.1 Writing Main Program in C
-------------------------------

Include 'libcob.h' in your C program and call 'cob_init' before using
any COBOL module.  Do a cleanup afterwards, either by calling
'cob_stop_run' (if your program should terminate) or by calling
'cob_tidy' (if your program should execute further on without any more
COBOL calls).  Calling 'cob_init', one or several GnuCOBOL modules and
then 'cob_tidy' in this sequence can be done multiple times).

     #include <libcob.h>

     int
     main (int argc, char **argv)
     {
       /* initialize your program */
       ...

       /* initialize the COBOL run-time library */
       cob_init (argc, argv);

       /* rest of your program */
       ...

       /* Clean up and terminate - This does not return */
       cob_stop_run (return_status);
     }

   You can write 'cobc_init(0, NULL);' if you do not want to pass
command line arguments to COBOL.

   The easiest option to compile and/or link your C program is by
passing the work to 'cobc' as follows:

     cobc -x main.c

   possibly running in verbose mode to see what cobc does:

     cobc -x --verbose main.c   # using -x -v or -xv would be also possible

   or with several steps:

     cobc -c main.c
     cobc -x main.o

   As an alternative you can use the 'cob-config' tool to get the
necessary options to be passed to the C compiler / linker.

     cc -c `cob-config --cflags` main.c    # compile only
     cc -o main main.o `cob-config --libs` # link only



File: gnucobol.info,  Node: Static C to COBOL,  Next: Dynamic C to COBOL,  Prev: Main C program,  Up: C interface

2.3.2 Static linking with COBOL programs
----------------------------------------

Let's call the following COBOL module from a C program:

     ---- say.cob ---------------------------
            IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
            PROGRAM-ID. say.
            ENVIRONMENT DIVISION.
            DATA DIVISION.
            LINKAGE SECTION.
            01 hello PIC X(7).
            01 world PIC X(6).
            PROCEDURE DIVISION USING hello world.
                DISPLAY hello world.
                GOBACK.
     ----------------------------------------

   This program accepts two arguments, displays them, and exits.

   From the viewpoint of C, this is equivalent to a function having the
following prototype:

     extern int say(char *hello, char *world);

   So, your main program will look like as follows:

     ---- hello.c ---------------------------
     #include <libcob.h>

     extern int say(char *hello, char *world);

     int
     main()
     {
       int ret;
       char hello[8] = "Hello, ";
       char world[7] = "world!";

       /* initialize the COBOL run-time library */
       cob_init(0, NULL);

       /* call the static module and store its return code */
       ret = say(hello, world);

       /* shutdown the COBOL run-time library, keep program running */
       (void)cob_tidy();

       return ret;
     }
     ----------------------------------------

   Compile and run these programs as follows:

     $ cobc -x hello.c say.cob
     $ ./hello
     Hello, world!

   or, more split and directly using the C compiler:

     $ cc -c `cob-config --cflags` hello.c
     $ cobc -c -static say.cob
     $ cobc -x -o hello hello.o say.o
     $ ./hello
     Hello, world!

   Note: The biggest benefits of static linking are that all programs
are verified to be available in the resulting binary.  Furthermore there
is a slightly performance benefit in this type of CALL (not visible for
"normal" programs).


File: gnucobol.info,  Node: Dynamic C to COBOL,  Next: Static COBOL to C,  Prev: Static C to COBOL,  Up: C interface

2.3.3 Dynamic linking with COBOL programs
-----------------------------------------

You can find a COBOL module having a specific name by using the C
function 'cob_resolve', which takes the module name as a string and
returns a pointer to the module function.

   'cob_resolve' returns 'NULL' if there is no module.  In this case,
the function 'cob_resolve_error' returns the error message.

   Let's see an example:

     ---- hello-dynamic.c -------------------
     #include <libcob.h>

     static int (*say)(char *hello, char *world);

     int main()
     {
       int ret;
       char hello[8] = "Hello, ";
       char world[7] = "world!";

       /* initialize the COBOL run-time library */
       cob_init(0, NULL);

       /* Find the module with PROGRAM-ID "say". */
       say = cob_resolve("say");

       /* If there is no such module, show error and exit. */
       if(say == NULL) {
         fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", cob_resolve_error());
         exit(1);
       }

       /* Call the module found ... */
       ret = say(hello, world);

       /* ...and exit with the return code. */
       cob_stop_run(ret);
     }
     ----------------------------------------

   Compile and run these programs as follows:

     $ cobc -x -o hello hello-dynamic.c
     $ cobc -m say.cob
     $ export COB_LIBRARY_PATH=.
     $ ./hello
     Hello, world!

   The check of the module load as written above can be directly done in
libcob as follows:

     ---- hello-dynamic2.c ------------------
     #include <libcob.h>

     int main()
     {
       int ret;
       char hello[8] = "Hello, ";
       char world[7] = "world!";

       void *cob_argv[2];
       cob_argv[0] = hello;
       cob_argv[1] = world;

       /* initialize the COBOL run-time library */
       cob_init(0, NULL);

       /* do a CALL, expecting the module to exist,
          otherwise exiting with an error. */
       ret = cob_call ("say", 2, cob_argv);

       /* ...and exit with the return code. */
       cob_stop_run(ret);
     }
     ----------------------------------------

   In any case be aware that all errors that happen within COBOL will
exit your program, as same as a 'STOP RUN' will do.

   Depending on the application you possibly want to register C signal
handlers; error and/or exit handlers in C and/or COBOL to do cleanups,
logging or anything else.

   There is one way to handle all these scenarios with a call, too,
using 'cob_call_with_exception_check' instead of 'cob_call' as follows:

     ---- hello-dynamic3.c ------------------
     #include <libcob.h>

     int main()
     {
       int ret;
       char hello[8] = "Hello, ";
       char world[7] = "world!";

       void *cob_argv[2];
       cob_argv[0] = hello;
       cob_argv[1] = world;

       /* initialize the COBOL run-time library */
       cob_init(0, NULL);

       /* do a CALL, catching all possible results, */
       ret = cob_call_with_exception_check ("say", 2, cob_argv);

       switch (ret) {
       case 0:  /* program coming back */

         /* Clean up and terminate runtime */
         cob_runtime_hint("program exited with return code %d",
            cob_last_exit_code ());
         cob_tidy ();
         break;

       case 1:  /* normal exit */
         cob_runtime_hint("STOP RUN with return code %d",
            cob_last_exit_code ());
         break;

       case -1:  /* error exit */
         cob_runtime_hint("error exit with return code %d and error \"%s\"",
            cob_last_exit_code (), cob_last_runtime_error ());
         break;

       case -2:  /* hard error exit */
         cob_runtime_hint("hard error exit with return code %d and error \"%s\"",
            cob_last_exit_code (), cob_last_runtime_error ());
         break;

       case -3:  /* signal handler  exit */
         cob_runtime_hint("signal handler exit with signal %d and error \"%s\"",
            cob_last_exit_code (), cob_last_runtime_error ());
         break;

       default:
         cob_runtime_hint("unexpected return from cob_call_with_exception_check,"
            " last exit code %d, last error \"%s\"",
            cob_last_exit_code (), cob_last_runtime_error ());
         break;
       }

       /* ...and exit with zero if no error happened */
       exit(ret != 0 && ret != 1);
     }
     ----------------------------------------


File: gnucobol.info,  Node: Static COBOL to C,  Next: Dynamic COBOL to C,  Prev: Dynamic C to COBOL,  Up: C interface

2.3.4 Static linking with C programs
------------------------------------

Let's call the following C function from COBOL:

     ---- say.c -----------------------------
     int say(char *hello, char *world)
     {
       int i;
       for(i = 0; i < 7; i++)
         putchar(hello[i]);
       for(i = 0; i < 6; i++)
         putchar(world[i]);
       putchar('\n');
       return 0;
     }
     ----------------------------------------

   This program is equivalent to the program in 'say.cob' above.

   Note that, unlike C, the arguments passed from COBOL programs are not
terminated by the null character (i.e., '\0').

   You can call this function in the same way you call COBOL programs:

     ---- hello.cob -------------------------
            IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
            PROGRAM-ID. hello.
            ENVIRONMENT DIVISION.
            DATA DIVISION.
            WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
            01 hello PIC X(7) VALUE "Hello, ".
            01 world PIC X(6) VALUE "world!".
            PROCEDURE DIVISION.
            CALL "say" USING hello world.
            STOP RUN.
     ----------------------------------------

   Compile these programs as follows:

     $ cobc -x -o hello -static hello.cob say.c
     $ ./hello
     Hello, world!

   or separate:

     $ cc -c say.c
     $ cobc -c -static -x hello.cob
     $ cobc -x -o hello hello.o say.o
     $ ./hello
     Hello, world!


File: gnucobol.info,  Node: Dynamic COBOL to C,  Next: Interface functions for C,  Prev: Static COBOL to C,  Up: C interface

2.3.5 Dynamic linking with C programs
-------------------------------------

You can create a dynamically-linked module from a C program by compiling
it with cobc ...

     $ cobc -m say.c
     $ cobc -x hello.cob
     $ export COB_LIBRARY_PATH=.
     $ ./hello
     Hello, world!

   or with most C compilers by passing option '-shared' to the C
compiler:

     $ cc -shared -o say.so say.c
     $ cobc -x hello.cob
     $ export COB_LIBRARY_PATH=.
     $ ./hello
     Hello, world!

   Mind that for COBOL to be able to load the module via CALL the name
of the binary must either be identical to the CALL name or the binary
containing the entry-point must have been loaded before (by a previous
call or COB_PRE_LOAD).


File: gnucobol.info,  Node: Interface functions for C,  Next: Loading translation tables,  Prev: Dynamic COBOL to C,  Up: C interface

2.3.6 Redirecting output to a (FILE *)
--------------------------------------

From a module written in C you can call 'cob_set_runtime_option' to set
the exact '(FILE *)' which is used to write trace data to.  In
'common.h' is the following:
     enum cob_runtime_option_switch {
        COB_SET_RUNTIME_TRACE_FILE              /* 'p' is  FILE *  */
        COB_SET_RUNTIME_DISPLAY_PRINTER_FILE    /* 'p' is  FILE *  */
        COB_SET_RUNTIME_RESCAN_ENV              /* rescan environment variables */
        COB_SET_RUNTIME_DISPLAY_PUNCH_FILE      /* 'p' is  FILE *  */
     };
     COB_EXPIMP  void  cob_set_runtime_option   (enum cob_runtime_option_switch opt, void *p);

   So from you C code you can tell the GnuCOBOL runtime to redirect
TRACE output by:
     cob_set_runtime_option (COB_SET_RUNTIME_TRACE_FILE,
                             (void*)((FILE*)myfd));

   You could also redirect all 'DISPLAY UPON PRINTER' output to a file
by:
     cob_set_runtime_option (COB_SET_RUNTIME_DISPLAY_PRINTER_FILE,
                             (void*)((FILE*)myfd));

   You could also redirect all 'DISPLAY UPON SYSPUNCH' output to a file
by:
     cob_set_runtime_option (COB_SET_RUNTIME_DISPLAY_PUNCH_FILE,
                              (void*)((FILE*)myfd));

   Another routine can be used to return the current value of the
option.
     COB_EXPIMP  void *
     cob_get_runtime_option (enum cob_runtime_option_switch opt);


File: gnucobol.info,  Node: Loading translation tables,  Prev: Interface functions for C,  Up: C interface

2.3.7 Loading EBCDIC/ASCII translation tables (collating sequences)
-------------------------------------------------------------------

When an EBCDIC/ASCII translation table is needed (for instance when
calling sort functions), you can can call the 'cob_load_collation'
function to retrieve such tables:
     COB_EXPIMP int
     cob_load_collation (const char *col_name,
                         cob_u8_t *ebcdic_to_ascii,
                         cob_u8_t *ascii_to_ebcdic)


File: gnucobol.info,  Node: Customize,  Next: Optimize,  Prev: Compile,  Up: Top

3 Customize
***********

* Menu:

* Customizing compiler::        Customizing compiler
* Customizing library::         Customizing library


File: gnucobol.info,  Node: Customizing compiler,  Next: Customizing library,  Up: Customize

3.1 Customizing compiler
========================

These settings are effective at compile-time.

   Environment variables (default value in brackets):

'COB_CC'
     C compiler ("gcc")
'COB_CFLAGS'
     Flags passed to the C compiler ("-I$(PREFIX)/include")
'COB_LDFLAGS'
     Flags passed to the C compiler ("")
'COB_LIBS'
     Standard libraries linked with the program ("-L$(PREFIX)/lib
     -lcob")
'COB_LDADD'
     Additional libraries linked with the program ("")


File: gnucobol.info,  Node: Customizing library,  Prev: Customizing compiler,  Up: Customize

3.2 Customizing library
=======================

These settings are effective at run-time.  You can set them either via
the environment or by a runtime configuration file.

   To set the global runtime configuration file export
'COB_RUNTIME_CONFIG' to point to your configuration file.  To set an
explicit runtime configuration file for a single run via 'cobcrun' you
can use its option '-c FILE', '--config=FILE'.

   For displaying the current runtime settings you can use the option
'-r', '--runtime-env' of 'cobcrun'.

   For a complete list of runtime variables, aliases, their default
values and options to set them *note Runtime Configuration: Appendix I.


File: gnucobol.info,  Node: Optimize,  Next: Debug,  Prev: Customize,  Up: Top

4 Optimize
**********

* Menu:

* Optimize options::            How to enable optimization
* Optimize call::               Call subroutines efficiently
* Optimize binary::             Use efficient binary representation


File: gnucobol.info,  Node: Optimize options,  Next: Optimize call,  Up: Optimize

4.1 Optimize options
====================

There are five compiler options for optimization: '-O0', '-O', '-Os',
'-O2', '-O3'.  These options enable optimization at both translation
(from COBOL to C) and compilation (C to assembly) levels.

   Currently, there is no difference between these optimization options
at the translation level other than '-O0' disabling constant folding of
expressions and disabling removement of unreachable code.

   The option '-O', '-Os' or '-O2' is passed to the C compiler as is and
used for C level optimization.

   Additional the options '-fremove-unreachable' and
'-fconstant-folding' may be used to adjust handling of these parts; note
that constant-folding is a dialect specific option and that both options
have an effect on the detail of checks done to unreachable code.


File: gnucobol.info,  Node: Optimize call,  Next: Optimize binary,  Prev: Optimize options,  Up: Optimize

4.2 Optimize call
=================

When a 'CALL' statement is executed, the called program is linked at run
time.  By specifying the compiler option '-fstatic-call', you can
statically link the program at compile time and call it efficiently.
(*note Static linking::)


File: gnucobol.info,  Node: Optimize binary,  Prev: Optimize call,  Up: Optimize

4.3 Optimize binary
===================

By default, data items of usage binary or comp are stored in big-endian
form.  On those machines whose native byte order is little-endian, this
is not quite efficient.

   If you prefer, you can store binary items in the native form of your
machine.  Set the config option 'binary-byteorder' to 'native' in your
config file (*note Customize::).

   In addition, setting the option 'binary-size' to '2-4-8' or '1-2-4-8'
is more efficient than others.


File: gnucobol.info,  Node: Debug,  Next: Extensions,  Prev: Optimize,  Up: Top

5 Debug
*******

* Menu:

* Debug options::               Debug options
* Debugger::                    Source Level Debugger
* Memory Dumps::                Memory Dumps
* Core Dumps::                  Core Dumps
* Trace::                       Tracing execution


File: gnucobol.info,  Node: Debug options,  Next: Debugger,  Up: Debug

5.1 Debug options
=================

The compiler option '--debug' can be used, especially during the
development of your programs.  It enables all run-time error checking,
such as subscript boundary checks and numeric data checks, and leads to
display of run-time errors with source locations.  Exceptions may also
be enabled/disabled separately.  *Note Debug switches: Debug switches.


File: gnucobol.info,  Node: Debugger,  Next: Memory Dumps,  Prev: Debug options,  Up: Debug

5.2 Source Level Debugger
=========================

Compiling with '-g' enables several kinds of debug information, allowing
you to run your programs with the system debugger.  This allows you to
step through the COBOL code and inspect the call stack, but direct
access to the COBOL variables is not available.  Different GDB frontends
exist that provide access the COBOL variables directly.

   Compiling with debug information also enables several tools to
profile the code or test it, for example against memory violations.


File: gnucobol.info,  Node: Memory Dumps,  Next: Core Dumps,  Prev: Debugger,  Up: Debug

5.3 Memory Dumps
================

Memory Dumps can be enabled/disabled at runtime and will by default be
executed in case of runtime errors or handling of different signals.

   They can also be requested via C interface.

   Only modules that are explicit enabled for dump code will output
their data.


File: gnucobol.info,  Node: Core Dumps,  Next: Trace,  Prev: Memory Dumps,  Up: Debug

5.4 Core Dumps
==============

By default GnuCOBOL catches signals that normally may create core-dumps.
To disable this or to even explicit raise SIGABRT on runtime errors or
to directly generate core-dumps through libcob, see the runtime
varialbes 'COB_CORE_ON_ERROR' and 'COB_CORE_FILENAME'.  To inspecting
the reason for the abort check the content of the variable
'runtime_err_str' in the generated dump file.  (1)

   ---------- Footnotes ----------

   (1) The usability of coredumps depends on your operating system.


File: gnucobol.info,  Node: Trace,  Prev: Core Dumps,  Up: Debug

5.5 Tracing execution
=====================

Tracing program execution, either in general or in specific parts can be
enabled.


File: gnucobol.info,  Node: Extensions,  Next: System Routines,  Prev: Debug,  Up: Top

6 Non-standard extensions
*************************

* Menu:

* SELECT::                      'SELECT ASSIGN TO'.
* Indexed::                     Indexed file packages.
* Extended ACCEPT::             Extended 'ACCEPT' statement.
* ACCEPT special::              'ACCEPT' special keys.
* Extended DISPLAY::            Extended 'DISPLAY' statement.
* FUNCTION CONTENT-LENGTH::     Length of NUL byte terminated pointer data.
* FUNCTION CONTENT-OF::         Content of data at pointer, by length or NUL.


File: gnucobol.info,  Node: SELECT,  Next: Indexed,  Up: Extensions

6.1 SELECT ASSIGN TO
====================

A file may be assigned to a literal file, a file in a variable, or a
file in an environment variable.

6.1.1 Literal file.
-------------------

Assign to a literal file.

     Select FILE assign to "/tmp/myfile.txt".

6.1.2 <variable>
----------------

Assign to a file which name is read from a variable.

     Select FILE assign to my-file.

     01  my-file            pic x(512).

     Move "/tmp/myfile.txt" to my-file.
     Open output <file>.

6.1.3 <environment variable>
----------------------------

Assign to a file in an environment variable.

     export myfile=/tmp/myfile.txt

     Select FILE assign to external myfile.


File: gnucobol.info,  Node: Indexed,  Next: Extended ACCEPT,  Prev: SELECT,  Up: Extensions

6.2 Indexed file packages
=========================

<This section is in progress.>


File: gnucobol.info,  Node: Extended ACCEPT,  Next: ACCEPT special,  Prev: Indexed,  Up: Extensions

6.3 Extended ACCEPT statement
=============================

Extended 'ACCEPT' statements allow for full control of items accepted
from the screen.  Items accept by line and column positioning.

   All commands following 'WITH' are optional.

     ACCEPT VARIABLE-1
        LINE VARIABLE-2 | LITERAL-1 COLUMN VARIABLE-3 | LITERAL-2
        WITH
           AUTO-SKIP | AUTO
           BACKGROUND-COLOR VARIABLE-4 | LITERAL-3
           BELL | BEEP
           BLINK
           FOREGROUND-COLOR VARIABLE-5 | LITERAL-4
           LOWLIGHT | HIGHLIGHT
           PROMPT
           PROTECTED
           SIZE [IS] VARIABLE-6 | LITERAL-5
           UPDATE
        ON EXCEPTION
           EXCEPTION PROCESSING
        NOT ON EXCEPTION
           NORMAL PROCESSING
     END-ACCEPT.

6.3.1 LINE
----------

The line number of VARIABLE-2 or LITERAL-1 to accept the field.

6.3.2 COLUMN
------------

The column number of VARIABLE-3 or LITERAL-2 to accept the field.

6.3.3 AUTO-SKIP
---------------

The word 'AUTO' may be used for 'AUTO-SKIP'.

   With this option the 'ACCEPT' statement returns after the last
character is typed at the end of the field.  This is the same as if the
Enter key were pressed.

   Without this option the cursor remains at the end of the field and
waits for the user to press Enter.

   The Right-Arrow key returns from the end of the field.  The
Left-Arrow key returns from the beginning.  *Note Arrow keys: ACCEPT
special.

   The Alt-Right-Arrow and Alt-Left-Arrow keys never 'AUTO-SKIP'.

6.3.4 BACKGROUND-COLOR
----------------------

The background color is the color used behind the characters.

   VARIABLE-4 or LITERAL-3 must be numeric.  See file 'screenio.cpy' for
the color assignments to VARIABLE-4 or LITERAL-3.

6.3.5 BELL
----------

The word 'BEEP' may be used for 'BELL'.

   The system beeps when the cursor moves to accept from this field.  On
some systems, there is no sound.  Some other method may indicate a beep,
such a flashing screen or pop up window.

6.3.6 BLINK
-----------

The field blinks while the user enters the data.  This can help small
menu selection fields to stand out.

6.3.7 FOREGROUND-COLOR
----------------------

The foreground color is the color used for the characters.

   VARIABLE-5 or LITERAL-4 must be numeric.  See file 'screenio.cpy' for
the color assignments to VARIABLE-5 or LITERAL-4.

6.3.8 LOWLIGHT
--------------

The 'LOWLIGHT' and 'HIGHLIGHT' phrases vary the intensity of the field.

   'LOWLIGHT' displays with lower intensity and 'HIGHLIGHT' displays
with higher intensity.  Having neither 'LOWLIGHT' nor 'HIGHLIGHT'
displays at normal intensity.

   These may have different levels of intensity, if at all, depending on
the make and model of the screens.

6.3.9 PROMPT
------------

Display the field with prompt characters as the cursor moves to accept
from this field.

6.3.10 PROTECTED
----------------

'PROTECTED' is ignored.

6.3.11 SIZE
-----------

The size of VARIABLE-1 to accept from the screen.

   VARIABLE-6 or LITERAL-5 must be numeric.

'SIZE <greater than zero>'

     If VARIABLE-6 or LITERAL-5 is less than the length of VARIABLE-1
     then only the 'SIZE' number of characters accept into the field.
     VARIABLE-1 pads with spaces after 'SIZE' to the end of the field.

     If VARIABLE-6 or LITERAL-5 is greater than VARIABLE-1, then the
     screen pads with spaces after VARIABLE-1 to the 'SIZE' length.

'SIZE ZERO'
'<SIZE option not specified>'

     The VARIABLE-1 accepts to its field length.

6.3.12 UPDATE
-------------

The contents of variable-1 displays on the screen as the 'ACCEPT'
begins.  This allows the user to update the field without having to type
it all again.

   Without this option, the 'ACCEPT' field is always blank.

6.3.13 ON EXCEPTION
-------------------

Check the special register cob-crt-status for the special key that was
pressed.  This includes Escape, Tab, Back-Tab, F-keys, arrows, etc...
See screenio.cpy for the values.

6.3.14 NOT ON EXCEPTION
-----------------------

Reset any F-key indicator because no special key was pressed.


File: gnucobol.info,  Node: ACCEPT special,  Next: Extended DISPLAY,  Prev: Extended ACCEPT,  Up: Extensions

6.4 ACCEPT special keys
=======================

Special keys are available for extended 'ACCEPT' statements.

   The 'COB-CRT-STATUS' values are in the screenio.cpy copy file.

6.4.1 Arrow keys
----------------

The Left-Arrow key moves the cursor to the left.  Without 'AUTO-SKIP'
the cursor stops at the beginning of the field.  With 'AUTO-SKIP' it
returns with the 'COB-SCR-KEY-LEFT' value of 2009.  *Note AUTO-SKIP:
Extended ACCEPT.

   The Alt-Left-Arrow key is the same as Left-Arrow except that it never
returns, even for 'AUTO-SKIP'.

   The Right-Arrow key moves the cursor to the right.  Without
'AUTO-SKIP' the cursor stops at the end of the field.  With 'AUTO-SKIP'
it returns with the 'COB-SCR-KEY-RIGHT' value of 2010.  *Note AUTO-SKIP:
Extended ACCEPT.

   The Alt-Right-Arrow key is the same as Right-Arrow except that it
never returns, even for 'AUTO-SKIP'.

6.4.2 Backspace key
-------------------

The Backspace key moves the cursor, and the remainder of the text, to
the left.

6.4.3 Delete keys
-----------------

The Delete key deletes the cursor's character and moves the remainder of
the text to the left.  The cursor does not move.

   The Alt-Delete key deletes all text from the cursor to the end of the
field.

6.4.4 End key
-------------

The End key moves the cursor after the last non-space character.
Pressing the End key again moves the cursor to the end of the field.
Repeated pressing moves the cursor back and forth.

6.4.5 Home key
--------------

The Home key moves the cursor to the first non-space character.
Pressing the Home key again moves the cursor to the beginning of the
field.  Repeated pressing moves the cursor back and forth.

6.4.6 Insert key
----------------

The Insert key changes the insert mode.

   The value of the insert mode is used in all following 'ACCEPT'
statements while the program is running.

   When the insert mode is on, typed characters move the existing
characters to the right until field is full.  When it is off, typed
characters type over existing characters.

   Note: The insert mode is ignored for fields with a size of 1.

   The insert mode can also be changed by the 'COB_INSERT_MODE' setting
at any time, *note Runtime Configuration: Appendix I.

6.4.7 Tab keys
--------------

The Tab key returns from the 'ACCEPT' with the 'COB-SCR-TAB' value of
2007.

   The Shift-Tab key returns with the 'COB-SCR-BACK-TAB' value of 2008.


File: gnucobol.info,  Node: Extended DISPLAY,  Next: FUNCTION CONTENT-LENGTH,  Prev: ACCEPT special,  Up: Extensions

6.5 Extended DISPLAY statement
==============================

Extended 'DISPLAY' statements allow for full control of items that
display on the screen.  Items display by line and column positioning.


     DISPLAY VARIABLE-1 | LITERAL-1 | FIGURATIVE CONSTANT
        LINE LINE COLUMN COLUMN
        WITH BELL
             BLANK LINE | SCREEN
             ERASE EOL | EOS
             SIZE [IS] VARIABLE-2 | LITERAL-2
     END-DISPLAY.


6.5.1 BELL
----------

Ring the bell.  It is optional.

6.5.2 BLANK
-----------

Clear the whole line or screen.  It is optional.

'BLANK LINE'

     Clear the line from the beginning of the line to the end of the
     line.

'BLANK SCREEN'

     Clear the whole screen.

6.5.3 ERASE
-----------

Clear the line or screen from LINE and COLUMN. It is optional.

'ERASE EOL'

     Clear the line from LINE and COLUMN to the end of the line.

'ERASE EOS'

     Clear the screen from LINE and COLUMN to the end of the screen.

6.5.4 SIZE
----------

The size of VARIABLE-1, LITERAL-1, or FIGURATIVE-CONSTANT to display
onto the screen.  It is optional.

'SIZE POSITIVE-INTEGER'

     If 'SIZE' is less than the length of VARIABLE-1 or LITERAL-1 then
     only the 'SIZE' number of characters display.

     If 'SIZE' is greater than the length of VARIABLE-1 or LITERAL-1,
     then the screen pads with spaces after the field to the 'SIZE'
     length.

     Figurative constants display repeatedly the number of times in
     'SIZE'.  Except that 'LOW-VALUES' always positions the cursor (see
     'SIZE' ZERO below).

'SIZE ZERO'
'<SIZE option not specified>'

     VARIABLE-1 or LITERAL-1 displays with the field length.

6.5.5 Figurative Constants
--------------------------

Certain figurative constants and values have special functions.  All
other figurative constants display as a single character.

'SPACE'
     Display spaces from LINE and COLUMN to the end of the screen.  This
     is the same as WITH ERASE EOS.

'LOW-VALUE'
     Position the cursor to LINE and COLUMN. The next 'DISPLAY'
     statement does not need a LINE or COLUMN to display at that
     position.

'ALL X"01"'
     Display spaces from LINE and COLUMN to the end of the line.  This
     is the same as 'WITH ERASE EOL'.

'ALL X"02"'
     Clear the whole screen.  This is the same as 'WITH BLANK SCREEN'.

'ALL X"07"'
     Ring the bell.  This is the same as 'WITH BELL'.


File: gnucobol.info,  Node: FUNCTION CONTENT-LENGTH,  Next: FUNCTION CONTENT-OF,  Prev: Extended DISPLAY,  Up: Extensions

6.6 CONTENT-LENGTH
==================

'FUNCTION CONTENT-LENGTH' returns the length of NUL byte terminated data
given a pointer:

            identification division.
            program-id. zlen.
            data division.
            working-storage section.
            01 ptr   usage pointer.
            01 str   pic x(4) value z"abc".

           *> Testing CONTENT-LENGTH
            procedure division.

            set ptr to address of str
            display content-length(ptr)

            goback.
            end program hosted.


File: gnucobol.info,  Node: FUNCTION CONTENT-OF,  Prev: FUNCTION CONTENT-LENGTH,  Up: Extensions

6.7 CONTENT-OF
==============

'FUNCTION CONTENT-OF' returns an alphanumeric field given a pointer and
optional length:

   Data from pointer is returned as a COBOL field either by scanning for
a NUL byte or using the optional length.  Reference modification of
result allowed.

            identification division.
            program-id. contents.
            data division.
            working-storage section.
            01 ptr   usage pointer.
            01 str   pic x(4) value z"abc".

           *> Testing CONTENT-OF
            procedure division.

            set ptr to address of str
            display content-of(ptr)
            display content-of(ptr, 2)
            display content-of(ptr)(2:2)

            goback.
            end program hosted.


File: gnucobol.info,  Node: System Routines,  Next: Appendices,  Prev: Extensions,  Up: Top

7 System Routines
*****************

For a complete list of supported system routines, *note System routines:
Appendix D.

* Menu:

* CBL_GC_GETOPT::               GETOPT for COBOL
* CBL_GC_HOSTED::               Access to C hosted variables
* CBL_GC_NANOSLEEP::            Sleep for nanoseconds
* CBL_GC_FORK::                 Fork the current COBOL process to a new one
* CBL_GC_WAITPID::              Wait for a system process to end


File: gnucobol.info,  Node: CBL_GC_GETOPT,  Next: CBL_GC_HOSTED,  Up: System Routines

7.1 CBL_GC_GETOPT
=================

'CBL_GC_GETOPT' provides the quite well-known option parser, getopt, for
GnuCOBOL. The usage of this system routine is described by the following
example.

             identification division.
             program-id. prog.

             data division.
             working-storage section.
                 78 shortoptions value "jkl".

                 01 longoptions.
                     05 optionrecord occurs 2 times.
                         10 optionname   pic x(25).
                         10 has-value    pic 9.
                         10 valpoint     pointer value NULL.
                         10 return-value pic x(4).

                 01 longind     pic 99.
                 01 long-only   pic 9 value 1.

                 01 return-char pic x(4).
                 01 opt-val     pic x(10).

                 01 counter     pic 9 value 0.

   We first need to define the necessary fields for getopt's
shortoptions (so), longoptions (lo), longoption index (longind),
long-only-option (long-only) and also the fields for return values
return-char and opt-val (arbitrary size with trimming, see return
codes).

   The shortoptions are written down as an alphanumeric field (i.e., a
string with arbitrary size) as follows:

     "ab:c::d"

   This means we want getopt to look for shortoptions named a, b, c or d
and we demand an option value for b and we are accepting an optional one
for c.

   The longoptions are defined as a table of records with oname,
has-value, valpoint and val.
   * oname defines the name of a longoption.
   * has-value defines if an option value is demanded (has-val = 1),
     optional (has-val = 2) or not required (has-val = 0).
   * valpoint is a pointer used to specify an address to save getopt's
     return value to.  The pointer is optional.  If it is 'NULL', getopt
     returns a value as usual.  If you use the pointer it has to point
     to a 'PIC X(4)' field.
   * The field val is a 'PIC X(4)' character which is returned if the
     longoption was recognized.
   The longoption structure is immutable!  You can only vary the number
of records.

   Now we have the tools to run 'CBL_GC_GETOPT' within the procedure
division.

             procedure division.
                 move "version" to optionname   (1).
                 move 0         to has-value    (1).
                 move "v"       to return-value (1).

                 move "verbose" to optionname   (2).
                 move 0         to has-value    (2).
                 move "V"       to return-value (2).

                 perform with test after until return-code = -1
                     call 'CBL_GC_GETOPT' using
                        by reference shortoptions longoptions longind
                        by value long-only
                        by reference return-char opt-val
                     end-call

                     display return-char end-display
                     display opt-val     end-display
                 end-perform
                 stop run.


   The example shows how we initialize all parameters and call the
routine until 'CBL_GC_GETOPT' runs out of options and returns -1.

   If the option is recognized, 'return-char' contains the option
character.  Otherwise, 'return-char' will contain one of the following:
'?'
     undefined or ambiguous option
'1'
     non-option (only if first byte of so is '-')
'0'
     'valpoint != NULL' and we are writing the return value to the
     specified address
'-1'
     no more options (or reached the first non-option if first byte of
     so is '+')

The return-code of 'CBL_GC_GETOPT' is one of:

'1'
     a non-option (only if first byte of so is '-')
'0'
     'valpoint != NULL' and we are writing the return value to the
     specified address
'-1'
     no more options (or reach the first non-option if first byte of so
     is '+')
'2'
     truncated option value in opt-val (because opt-val was too small)
'3'
     regular answer from 'getopt'


File: gnucobol.info,  Node: CBL_GC_HOSTED,  Next: CBL_GC_NANOSLEEP,  Prev: CBL_GC_GETOPT,  Up: System Routines

7.2 CBL_GC_HOSTED
=================

'CBL_GC_HOSTED' provides access to the following C hosted variables:
   * 'argc'  to binary-long by value
   * 'argv'  to pointer to char **
   * 'stdin', 'stdout', 'stderr'  to pointer
   * 'errno'  giving address of errno in pointer to binary-long, use
     based for more direct access

   and conditional access to the following variables:
   * 'tzname'  pointer to pointer to array of two char pointers
   * 'timezone'  C long, will be seconds west of UTC
   * 'daylight'  C int, will be 1 during daylight savings

   System will need to 'HAVE_TIMEZONE' defined for these to return
anything meaningful.  Attempts made when they are not available return 1
from 'CBL_GC_HOSTED'.

   It returns 0 when match, 1 on failure, case matters as does length,
'arg' won't match.

   The usage of this system routine is described by the following
example.

     HOSTED identification division.
            program-id. hosted.
            data division.
            working-storage section.
            01 argc  usage binary-long.
            01 argv  usage pointer.

            01 stdin usage pointer.
            01 stdout usage pointer.
            01 stderr usage pointer.

            01 errno usage pointer.
            01 err   usage binary-long based.

            01 domain usage float-long value 3.0.

            01 tzname usage pointer.
            01 tznames usage pointer based.
               05 tzs usage pointer occurs 2 times.

            01 timezone   usage binary-long.
            01 daylight   usage binary-short.


           *> Testing CBL_GC_HOSTED
            procedure division.
            call "CBL_GC_HOSTED" using stdin "stdin"
            display "stdin                : " stdin
            call "feof" using by value stdin
            display "feof stdin           : " return-code

            call "CBL_GC_HOSTED" using stdout "stdout"
            display "stdout               : " stdout
            call "fprintf" using by value stdout by content "Hello" & x"0a"

            call "CBL_GC_HOSTED" using stderr "stderr"
            display "stderr               : " stderr
            call "fprintf" using by value stderr by content "on err" & x"0a"

            call "CBL_GC_HOSTED" using argc "argc"
            display "argc                 : " argc

            call "CBL_GC_HOSTED" using argv "argv"
            display "argv                 : " argv

            call "args" using by value argc argv

            call "CBL_GC_HOSTED" using errno "errno"
            display "&errno               : " errno
            set address of err to errno
            display "errno                : " err
            call "acos" using by value domain
            display "errno after acos(3.0): " err ", EDOM is 33"

            call "CBL_GC_HOSTED" using argc "arg"
            display "'arg' lookup         : " return-code
            call "CBL_GC_HOSTED" using null "argc"
            display "null with argc       : " return-code
            display "argc is still        : " argc


            *> the following only returns zero if the system has HAVE_TIMEZONE set

            call "CBL_GC_HOSTED" using daylight "daylight "
            display "'timezone' lookup    : " return-code

            if return-code not = 0
               display "system doesn't has timezone"
            else

               display "timezone is          : " timezone

               call "CBL_GC_HOSTED" using daylight "daylight "
               display "'daylight' lookup    : " return-code
               display "daylight is          : " daylight

               set environment "TZ" to "PST8PDT"
               call static "tzset" returning omitted on exception continue end-call

               call "CBL_GC_HOSTED" using tzname "tzname"
               display "'tzname' lookup      : " return-code

               *> tzs(1) will point to z"PST" and tzs(2) to z"PDT"
               if return-code equal 0 and tzname not equal null then
                   set address of tznames to tzname
                   if tzs(1) not equal null then
                      display "tzs #1               : " tzs(1)
                   end-if
                   if tzs(2) not equal null then
                      display "tzs #2               : " tzs(2)
                   end-if
               end-if

            end-if

            goback.
            end program hosted.


File: gnucobol.info,  Node: CBL_GC_NANOSLEEP,  Next: CBL_GC_FORK,  Prev: CBL_GC_HOSTED,  Up: System Routines

7.3 CBL_GC_NANOSLEEP
====================

'CBL_GC_NANOSLEEP' allows you to pause the program for nanoseconds.  The
actual precision depends on the system.

           *> Waiting a half second
            call "CBL_GC_NANOSLEEP" using "500000000" end-call

           *> Waiting five seconds using compiler string catenation for readability
            call "CBL_GC_NANOSLEEP" using "500" & "0000000"  end-call


File: gnucobol.info,  Node: CBL_GC_FORK,  Next: CBL_GC_WAITPID,  Prev: CBL_GC_NANOSLEEP,  Up: System Routines

7.4 CBL_GC_FORK
===============

'CBL_GC_FORK' allows you to fork the current COBOL process to a new one.
The current content of the process' storage (including 'LOCAL-STORAGE')
will be identical, any file handles get invalid in the new process,
positions and file / record locks are only available to the original
process.

   This system routine is not available on Windows (exception: GCC on
Cygwin).

Parameters
     none

Returns
     PID (the child process gets '0' returned, the calling process gets
     the PID of the created children).  Negative values are returned for
     system dependent error codes and -1 if the function is not
     available on the current system.

            IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
            PROGRAM-ID. prog.
            DATA DIVISION.
            WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
            01 CHILD-PID   PIC S9(9) BINARY.
            01 WAIT-STS    PIC S9(9) BINARY.
            PROCEDURE DIVISION.

                CALL "CBL_GC_FORK" RETURNING CHILD-PID END-CALL
                EVALUATE TRUE
                   WHEN CHILD-PID = ZERO
                      PERFORM CHILD-CODE
                   WHEN CHILD-PID > ZERO
                      PERFORM PARENT-CODE
                   WHEN CHILD-PID = -1
                      DISPLAY 'CBL_GC_FORK is not available '
                              'on the current system!'
                      END-DISPLAY
                      PERFORM CHILD-CODE
                      MOVE 0 TO CHILD-PID
                      PERFORM PARENT-CODE
                   WHEN OTHER
                      MULTIPLY CHILD-PID BY -1 END-MULTIPLY
                      DISPLAY 'CBL_GC_FORK returned system error: '
                              CHILD-PID
                      END-DISPLAY
                END-EVALUATE

                STOP RUN.

            CHILD-CODE.
                CALL "C$SLEEP" USING 1 END-CALL
                DISPLAY "Hello, I am the child"
                END-DISPLAY
                MOVE 2 TO RETURN-CODE

                CONTINUE.

            PARENT-CODE.
                DISPLAY "Hello, I am the parent"
                END-DISPLAY
                CALL "CBL_GC_WAITPID" USING CHILD-PID RETURNING WAIT-STS
                END-CALL
                MOVE 0 TO RETURN-CODE
                EVALUATE TRUE
                   WHEN WAIT-STS >= 0
                      DISPLAY 'Child ended with status: '
                              WAIT-STS
                      END-DISPLAY
                   WHEN WAIT-STS = -1
                      DISPLAY 'CBL_GC_WAITPID is not available '
                              'on the current system!'
                      END-DISPLAY
                   WHEN WAIT-STS < -1
                      MULTIPLY -1 BY WAIT-STS END-MULTIPLY
                      DISPLAY 'CBL_GC_WAITPID returned system error: ' WAIT-STS
                      END-DISPLAY
                END-EVALUATE

                CONTINUE.


File: gnucobol.info,  Node: CBL_GC_WAITPID,  Prev: CBL_GC_FORK,  Up: System Routines

7.5 CBL_GC_WAITPID
==================

'CBL_GC_WAITPID' allows you to wait until another system process ended.
Additional you can check the process' return code.

   Parameters:	none Returns:	function-status / child-status Negative
values are returned for system dependent error codes and -1 if the
function is not available on the current system.

             CALL "CBL_GC_WAITPID" USING CHILD-PID RETURNING WAIT-STS
             END-CALL
             MOVE 0 TO RETURN-CODE
             DISPLAY 'CBL_GC_WAITPID ended with status: ' WAIT-STS
             END-DISPLAY


File: gnucobol.info,  Node: Appendices,  Prev: System Routines,  Up: Top

* Menu:

* Appendix A::                  Compiler 'cobc' options
* Appendix B::                  Reserved Words
* Appendix C::                  Intrinsic Functions
* Appendix D::                  System routines
* Appendix E::                  System names
* Appendix F::                  Exception names
* Appendix G::                  Compiler Configuration
* Appendix H::                  Module loader 'cobcrun' options
* Appendix I::                  Runtime configuration
* Appendix J::                  GNU Free Documentation License


File: gnucobol.info,  Node: Appendix A,  Next: Appendix B,  Prev: Appendices,  Up: Appendices

Appendix A Compiler 'cobc' options
**********************************

The following list of options was extracted from 'cobc --help' and shows
all available compiler options with a short description.

A.1 Common Options
==================

'-h, --help'
     display this help and exit

'-V, --version'
     display compiler version information and exit

'-dumpversion'
     display compiler version and exit

'-i, --info'
     display compiler information (build/environment) and exit

'-v, --verbose'
     verbose mode, display additional information; multiple '-v' options
     increase the verbosity, the maximum is 3 as follows: (1) display
     compiler version and the commands invoked by the compiler, (2) pass
     verbose option to assembler/compiler (3) pass verbose option to
     linker

'-q, --brief'
     reduced displays, commands invoked not shown

'-###'
     like -v but commands not executed

'-x'
     build an executable program

'-m'
     build a dynamically loadable module (default)

'-j [ARGS], --job[=ARGS]'
     run program after build, passing ARGS

'-std=DIALECT'
     warnings/features for a specific dialect DIALECT can be one of:
     default, cobol2014, cobol2002, cobol85, xopen, ibm-strict, ibm,
     mvs-strict, mvs, mf-strict, mf, bs2000-strict, bs2000, acu-strict,
     acu, rm-strict, rm, gcos-strict, gcos; see configuration files in
     directory config

'-F, --free'
     use free source format (alias for -fformat=free)

'--fixed'
     use fixed source format (default; alias for

'-fformat=fixed)'

'-O, -O2, -O3, -Os'
     enable optimization

'-O0'
     disable optimization

'-g'
     enable C compiler debug and stack check

'-d, --debug'
     enable all run-time error checking, equal to '-fstack-check'
     '-fec=''EC-ALL'

'-fec=EXCEPTION-NAME'
     enable code generation for EXCEPTION-NAME, see -list-exceptions for
     the possible values, sets '-fsource-location'

'-fno-ec=EXCEPTION-NAME'
     disable code generation for EXCEPTION-NAME

'-o FILE'
     place the output into FILE

'-b'
     combine all input files into a single dynamically loadable module

'-E'
     preprocess only; do not compile or link

'-C'
     translation only; convert COBOL to C

'-S'
     compile only; output assembly file

'-c'
     compile and assemble, but do not link

'-T FILE'
     generate and place a wide program listing into FILE

'-t FILE'
     generate and place a program listing into FILE

'--tlines=LINES'
     specify lines per page in listing, default = 55

'-P[=DIR OR FILE]'
     generate preprocessed program listing (.lst)

'-X, --Xref'
     specify cross reference in listing

'-I DIRECTORY'
     add DIRECTORY to copy/include search path

'-L DIRECTORY'
     add DIRECTORY to library search path

'-l LIB'
     link the library LIB

'-K ENTRY'
     generate 'CALL' to ENTRY as static

'-D DEFINE'
     define DEFINE for COBOL compilation

'-A OPTIONS'
     add OPTIONS to the C compile phase

'-Q OPTIONS'
     add OPTIONS to the C link phase

'--coverage'
     instrument generated binaries for coverage

'--conf=FILE'
     user-defined dialect configuration; see -std

'--list-reserved'
     display reserved words

'--list-intrinsics'
     display intrinsic functions

'--list-mnemonics'
     display mnemonic names

'--list-exceptions'
     display exception names

'--list-system'
     display system routines

'--save-temps[=DIR]'
     save intermediate files; default: current directory

'-MT TARGET'
     set/add target file used in dependency list

'-MF FILE'
     place dependency list into FILE

'-ext EXTENSION'
     add file extension for resolving 'COPY'

A.2 Warning options
===================

'-Wall'
     enable most warnings (all except as noted below)

'-Wextra'
     like -Wall but enable some extra warning flags

'-w'
     disable all warnings

'-Wno-WARNING'
     disable warning enabled by default, -Wall or -Wextra

'-Wadditional'
     additional warnings only raised with -Wall

'-Wno-unfinished'
     do not warn if unfinished features are used; _always_ active

'-Wno-pending'
     do not warn if pending features are used; _always_ active

'-Wno-repository-checks'
     do not warn/check for program/function/external signature mismatch;
     _always_ active

'-Wno-ignored-error'
     do not warn about errors in code parts which are unreachable and so
     normally ignored; _always_ active

'-Wobsolete'
     warn if obsolete features are used

'-Warchaic'
     warn if archaic features are used

'-Wredefinition'
     warn about non-referenced ambiguous data items

'-Wtruncate'
     warn about field truncation from constant assignments

'-Wpossible-truncate'
     warn about possible field truncation; _not_ set with '-Wall'

'-Woverlap'
     warn about overlapping 'MOVE' of items

'-Wpossible-overlap'
     warn about 'MOVE' of items that may overlap depending on variables;
     _not_ set with '-Wall'

'-Wparentheses'
     warn if parentheses are omitted around 'AND' within 'OR'

'-Wstrict-typing'
     warn strictly about type mismatch, even when same size; _not_ set
     with '-Wall'

'-Wtyping'
     warn about type mismatch

'-Wimplicit-define'
     warn whenever data items are implicitly defined; _not_ set with
     '-Wall'

'-Wno-corresponding'
     do not warn about 'CORRESPONDING' with no matching items; _always_
     active

'-Winitial-value'
     warn if initial 'VALUE' clause is ignored

'-Wprototypes'
     warn about missing 'FUNCTION' prototypes/definitions

'-Warithmetic-osvs'
     warn if arithmetic expression precision has changed

'-Wcall-params'
     warn about non 01/77 items for 'CALL' parameters; _not_ set with
     '-Wall'

'-Wconstant-expression'
     warn about expressions that always resolve to true/false

'-Wconstant-numlit-expression'
     warn about numeric expressions that always resolve to true/false

'-Wlarger-01-redefines'
     warn about larger redefines allowed by COBOL standards

'-Wcolumn-overflow'
     warn about text after program-text area, 'FIXED' format; _not_ set
     with '-Wall'

'-Wterminator'
     warn about lack of scope terminator 'END-XXX'; _not_ set with
     '-Wall'

'-Wlinkage'
     warn about dangling 'LINKAGE' items; _not_ set with '-Wall'

'-Wunreachable'
     warn about likely unreachable statements; _not_ set with '-Wall'

'-Wno-dialect'
     do not warn about dialect specific issues; _always_ active

'-Wno-goto-section'
     do not warn about 'GO' 'TO' section-name; _always_ active

'-Wgoto-different-section'
     warn about 'GO' 'TO' a praragraph defined in a different section

'-Wsuspicious-perform-thru'
     warn if 'PERFORM' 'THRU' references procedures not in ascending
     order or multiple sections; _always_ active

'-Wdangling-text'
     warn about source text after program-area; _not_ set with '-Wall'

'-Wno-missing-newline'
     do not warn about missing newlines; _always_ active

'-Wno-others'
     do not warn about different issues; _always_ active

'-Wno-unsupported'
     do not warn if runtime does not support a feature used

'-fdiagnostics-plain-output'
     make diagnostic output as plain as possible

'-Werror'
     treat all warnings as errors

'-Wno-error'
     don't treat warnings as errors

'-Werror=WARNING'
     treat specified WARNING as error

'-Wno-error=WARNING'
     don't treat specified WARNING as error

A.3 Compiler options
====================

'-fsign=[ASCII|EBCDIC]'
     define display sign representation; default: machine native

'-ffold-copy=[UPPER|LOWER]'
     fold 'COPY' subject to value; default: no transformation

'-ffold-call=[UPPER|LOWER]'
     fold 'PROGRAM-ID', 'CALL', 'CANCEL' subject to value; default: no
     transformation

'-fmax-errors=NUMBER'
     maximum number of errors to report before compilation is aborted;
     default: 128

'-fintrinsics=[ALL|intrinsic function name(,name,...)]'
     intrinsics to be used without 'FUNCTION' keyword

'-fdump=SCOPE'
     dump data fields on abort, SCOPE may be a combination of: 'ALL',
     'WS', 'LS', 'RD', 'FD', 'SC', 'LO'

'-fcallfh=NAME'
     specifies NAME to be used for I/O as external provided EXTFH
     interface module

'-febcdic-table=CCONV-TABLE/FILE'
     'EBCDIC/ASCII' translation table; e.g.  default,
     ebcdic500_latin1...

'-fdefault-colseq=[ASCII|EBCDIC|NATIVE]'
     define default collating sequence; default: 'NATIVE'

'-fstack-extended'
     store origin of entrypoints and 'PERFORM'; turned on by
     -'-debug'/'-fdump'

'-fno-remove-unreachable'
     disable remove of unreachable code; turned off by '-g'

'-ftrace'
     generate trace code; scope: executed 'SECTION/PARAGRAPH'

'-ftraceall'
     generate trace code; scope: executed 'SECTION/PARAGRAPH/STATEMENTS'

'-fsyntax-only'
     syntax error checking only; don't emit any output

'-fdebugging-line'
     enable debugging lines; 'D' in indicator column or floating '>>D'

'-fsource-location'
     generate source location code; turned on by
     -'-debug'/'-ftraceall'/'-fec'/'-fdump'

'-fimplicit-init'
     automatic initialization of the COBOL runtime system

'-fno-recursive-check'
     disable check of recursive program call; effectively compiling as
     'RECURSIVE' program

'-fstack-check'
     'PERFORM' stack checking; turned on by -'-debug'/'-g'

'-fmemory-check=SCOPE'
     checks for invalid writes to internal storage, SCOPE may be one of:
     all, pointer, using, none; default: none, set to all by -'-debug'

'-fsection-exit-check'
     check that code execution does not leave the scope of 'SECTION's

'-fimplicit-goback-check'
     check that code execution does not end implicit at end of
     'PROCEDURE' 'DIVISION'

'-fwrite-after'
     use 'AFTER 1' for 'WRITE' of 'LINE' 'SEQUENTIAL'; default: 'BEFORE
     1'

'-fmfcomment'
     '*' in column 1 treated as comment with listing suppression;
     FIXED/COBOL85/VARIABLE format only

'-facucomment'
     '$' in indicator area treated as '*', '|' treated as floating
     comment

'-fno-trunc'
     allow numeric field overflow; non-ANSI behaviour

'-fsingle-quote'
     use a single quote (apostrophe) for 'QUOTE'; default: double quote

'-foptional-file'
     treat all files as 'OPTIONAL'; unless 'NOT' 'OPTIONAL' specified

'-fstatic-call'
     output static function calls for the 'CALL' statement

'-fno-gen-c-decl-static-call'
     disable generation of C function declarations for subroutines with
     static 'CALL'

'-fgen-c-line-directives'
     generate source location directives in C code;; turned on by
     '-g'/-coverage

'-fgen-c-labels'
     generate extra labels in C sources;; turned on by '-g'

'-fno-theaders'
     suppress all headers from listing while keeping page breaks

'-fno-tsource'
     suppress source from listing

'-fno-tmessages'
     suppress warning and error summary from listing

'-ftsymbols'
     specify symbols in listing

'-ftcmd'
     specify command line in listing

'-fno-ttimestamp'
     suppress timestamp in listing headers

'-fttitle=TITLE'
     set listing title with '_' replaced by spaces; defaults to package
     name and version

'-fno-diagnostics-show-option'
     suppress output of option that directly controls the diagnostic

'-fno-diagnostics-show-caret'
     do not display source context on warning/error diagnostic

'-fno-diagnostics-show-line-numbers'
     suppress display of line numbers in diagnostics

A.4 Compiler dialect configuration options
==========================================

'-freserved-words=VALUE'
     use of complete/fixed reserved words

'-ftab-width=1..12'
     number of spaces that are assumed for tabs

'-ftext-column=72..255'
     right margin column number for fixed-form reference-format

'-fpic-length=NUMBER'
     maximum number of characters allowed in the 'PICTURE'
     character-string

'-fword-length=1..63'
     maximum word-length for COBOL (= programmer defined) words

'-fliteral-length=NUMBER'
     maximum literal size in general

'-fnumeric-literal-length=1..38'
     maximum numeric literal size

'-fdefaultbyte=VALUE'
     default initialization for fields without 'VALUE', may be one of;
     character in quotes; decimal 0..255 representing a character;
     "init" to initialize to 'PICTURE/USAGE'; "none" to do no explicit
     initialization; default: "init"

'-fformat=VALUE'
     default reference-format, may be one of: 'FIXED', 'FREE', COBOL85,
     'VARIABLE', 'XOPEN', 'XCARD', 'CRT', 'TERMINAL', COBOLX

'-fbinary-size=VALUE'
     binary byte size - defines the allocated bytes according to 'PIC',
     may be one of: 2-4-8, 1-2-4-8, 1-8

'-fbinary-byteorder=VALUE'
     binary byte order, may be one of: native, big-endian

'-fassign-clause=VALUE'
     how to interpret 'ASSIGN WORD: as ASSIGN EXTERNAL WORD or ASSIGN
     DYNAMIC WORD', may be one of: 'dynamic', 'external', 'ibm' (=
     external), 'mf' (= dynamic)

'-fscreen-section-rules=VALUE'
     which compiler's rules to apply to 'SCREEN' 'SECTION' item clauses,
     may be one of: acu, gc, mf, rm, std, xopen

'-fdpc-in-data=VALUE'
     whether 'DECIMAL-POINT' 'IS' 'COMMA' has effect in 'XML/JSON'
     'GENERATE', may be one of: none, xml, json, all

'-fsubscript-check=VALUE'
     checking for subscript (only done with 'EC-BOUND-SUBSCRIPT'
     active), may be one of: full, max, record

'-ffilename-mapping'
     resolve file names at run time using environment variables

'-fpretty-display'
     alternate formatting of numeric fields

'-fbinary-truncate'
     numeric truncation according to ANSI

'-fcomplex-odo'
     allow non-standard 'OCCURS' 'DEPENDING' 'ON' syntax

'-fodoslide'
     adjust items following 'OCCURS' 'DEPENDING' (implies complex-odo)

'-finit-justify'
     applies 'JUSTIFY' with 'VALUE' clause

'-findirect-redefines'
     allow 'REDEFINES' to other than last equal level number

'-frelax-syntax-checks'
     allow certain syntax variations (e.g.  'REDEFINES' position)

'-fref-mod-zero-length'
     allow zero length reference-modification (only changed with
     'EC-BOUND-REF-MOD' active)

'-frelax-level-hierarchy'
     allow non-matching level numbers

'-fselect-working'
     require 'ASSIGN' 'USING' items to be in 'WORKING-STORAGE'

'-flocal-implies-recursive'
     'LOCAL-STORAGE' 'SECTION' implies 'RECURSIVE' attribute

'-fsticky-linkage'
     'LINKAGE' 'SECTION' items remain allocated between invocations

'-fmove-ibm'
     'MOVE' operates as on IBM (left to right, byte by byte)

'-fperform-osvs'
     exit point of any currently executing perform is recognized if
     reached

'-farithmetic-osvs'
     limit precision in intermediate results to precision of final
     result (less accurate)

'-fconstant-folding'
     evaluate constant expressions at compile time

'-fhostsign'
     allow hexadecimal value 'F' for 'NUMERIC' test of signed 'PACKED'
     'DECIMAL' field

'-fprogram-name-redefinition'
     program names don't lead to a reserved identifier

'-faccept-update'
     set 'WITH' 'UPDATE' clause as default for 'ACCEPT' dest-item,
     instead of 'WITH' 'NO' 'UPDATE'

'-faccept-auto'
     set 'WITH' 'AUTO' clause as default for 'ACCEPT' dest-item, instead
     of 'WITH' 'TAB'

'-fconsole-is-crt'
     assume 'CONSOLE' 'IS' 'CRT' if not set otherwise

'-fno-echo-means-secure'
     'NO-ECHO' hides input with asterisks like 'SECURE'

'-fline-col-zero-default'
     assume a field 'DISPLAY' starts at 'LINE 0' 'COL 0' (i.e.  at the
     cursor), not 'LINE 1' 'COL 1'

'-fdisplay-special-fig-consts'
     special behaviour of 'DISPLAY' 'SPACE/ALL' 'X'01'/ALL' 'X'02'/ALL'
     'X'07''

'-fbinary-comp-1'
     'COMP-1' is a 16-bit signed integer

'-fnumeric-pointer'
     'POINTER' is a 64-bit unsigned integer

'-fmove-non-numeric-lit-to-numeric-is-zero'
     imply zero in move of non-numeric literal to numeric items

'-fimplicit-assign-dynamic-var'
     implicitly define a variable if an 'ASSIGN' 'DYNAMIC' does not
     match any data item

'-fdevice-mnemonics'
     specifying device by mnemonic

'-fxml-parse-xmlss'
     'XML' 'PARSE' 'XMLSS'

'-fareacheck'
     check contents of Area A (when reference format supports Area A
     enforcement), enabled checks include:; division, section, paragraph
     names, level indicators ('FD', 'SD', 'RD', and 'CD'), and toplevel
     numbers (01 and 77) must start in Area A;; statements must not
     start in Area A; and; separator periods must not be within Area A

'-fcomment-paragraphs=SUPPORT'
     comment paragraphs in 'IDENTIFICATION' 'DIVISION' ('AUTHOR',
     'DATE-WRITTEN', ...)

'-fcontrol-division=SUPPORT'
     'CONTROL' 'DIVISION'

'-fpartial-replace-when-literal-src=SUPPORT'
     apply partial replacing with literal source operand even when it
     replaces with spaces only;; "skip" prevents such replacements

'-fmemory-size-clause=SUPPORT'
     'MEMORY-SIZE' clause

'-fmultiple-file-tape-clause=SUPPORT'
     'MULTIPLE-FILE-TAPE' clause

'-flabel-records-clause=SUPPORT'
     'LABEL-RECORDS' clause

'-fvalue-of-clause=SUPPORT'
     'VALUE-OF' clause

'-fdata-records-clause=SUPPORT'
     'DATA-RECORDS' clause

'-ftop-level-occurs-clause=SUPPORT'
     'OCCURS' clause on top-level

'-fsame-as-clause=SUPPORT'
     'SAME' 'AS' clause

'-ftype-to-clause=SUPPORT'
     'TYPE' 'TO' clause

'-fusage-type=SUPPORT'
     'USAGE' type-name

'-fsynchronized-clause=SUPPORT'
     'SYNCHRONIZED' clause

'-fsync-left-right=SUPPORT'
     'LEFT/RIGHT' phrases in 'SYNCHRONIZED' clause

'-fspecial-names-clause=SUPPORT'
     'SPECIAL-NAMES' clause

'-fgoto-statement-without-name=SUPPORT'
     'GO' 'TO' statement without name

'-fstop-literal-statement=SUPPORT'
     'STOP'-literal statement

'-fstop-identifier-statement=SUPPORT'
     'STOP'-identifier statement

'-fstop-error-statement=SUPPORT'
     'STOP' 'ERROR' statement

'-fdebugging-mode=SUPPORT'
     'DEBUGGING' 'MODE' and debugging indicator

'-fuse-for-debugging=SUPPORT'
     'USE' 'FOR' 'DEBUGGING'

'-fpadding-character-clause=SUPPORT'
     'PADDING' 'CHARACTER' clause

'-fnext-sentence-phrase=SUPPORT'
     'NEXT' 'SENTENCE' phrase

'-flisting-statements=SUPPORT'
     listing-directive statements 'EJECT', 'SKIP1', 'SKIP2', 'SKIP3'

'-ftitle-statement=SUPPORT'
     listing-directive statement 'TITLE'

'-fentry-statement=SUPPORT'
     'ENTRY' statement

'-fmove-noninteger-to-alphanumeric=SUPPORT'
     move noninteger to alphanumeric

'-fmove-figurative-constant-to-numeric=SUPPORT'
     move figurative constants to numeric

'-fmove-figurative-space-to-numeric=SUPPORT'
     move figurative constant 'SPACE' to numeric

'-fmove-figurative-quote-to-numeric=SUPPORT'
     move figurative constant 'QUOTE' to numeric

'-fodo-without-to=SUPPORT'
     'OCCURS' 'DEPENDING' 'ON' without to

'-fsection-segments=SUPPORT'
     section segments

'-falter-statement=SUPPORT'
     'ALTER' statement

'-fcall-overflow=SUPPORT'
     'OVERFLOW' clause for 'CALL'

'-fnumeric-boolean=SUPPORT'
     boolean literals ('B'1010'')

'-fhexadecimal-boolean=SUPPORT'
     hexadecimal-boolean literals ('BX'A'')

'-fnational-literals=SUPPORT'
     national literals ('N'UTF-16 STRING'')

'-fhexadecimal-national-literals=SUPPORT'
     hexadecimal-national literals ('NX'265E'')

'-fnational-character-literals=SUPPORT'
     non-standard national literals ('NC'UTF-16 STRING'')

'-fhp-octal-literals=SUPPORT'
     'HP' COBOL octal literals (%377)

'-facu-literals=SUPPORT'
     ACUCOBOL-GT literals ('#B' '#O' '#H' '#X')

'-febcdic-symbolic-characters'
     'EBCDIC' symbolic characters in literals (" "135,151,151"bar"195,
     194"Z" for " foobar'BAZ'")

'-fword-continuation=SUPPORT'
     continuation of COBOL words

'-fnot-exception-before-exception=SUPPORT'
     'NOT' 'ON' 'EXCEPTION' before 'ON' 'EXCEPTION'

'-faccept-display-extensions=SUPPORT'
     extensions to 'ACCEPT' and 'DISPLAY'

'-frenames-uncommon-levels=SUPPORT'
     'RENAMES' of 01-, 66- and 77-level items

'-flarger-redefines=SUPPORT'
     allow larger 'REDEFINES' items

'-fsymbolic-constant=SUPPORT'
     constants defined in 'SPECIAL-NAMES'

'-fconstant-78=SUPPORT'
     constant with level 78 item (note: has left to right precedence in
     expressions)

'-fconstant-01=SUPPORT'
     constant with level 01 'CONSTANT' 'AS/FROM' item

'-fperform-varying-without-by=SUPPORT'
     'PERFORM' 'VARYING' without 'BY' phrase (implies 'BY 1')

'-freference-out-of-declaratives=SUPPORT'
     references to sections not in 'DECLARATIVES' from within
     'DECLARATIVES'

'-fprogram-prototypes=SUPPORT'
     'CALL/CANCEL' with program-prototype-name

'-fcall-convention-mnemonic=SUPPORT'
     specifying call-convention by mnemonic

'-fcall-convention-linkage=SUPPORT'
     specifying call-convention by 'WITH' ...  'LINKAGE'

'-fusing-optional=SUPPORT'
     support for 'PROCEDURE' 'DIVISION' 'USING' 'OPTIONAL'

'-fnumeric-value-for-edited-item=SUPPORT'
     numeric literals in 'VALUE' clause of numeric-edited items

'-fincorrect-conf-sec-order=SUPPORT'
     incorrect order of 'CONFIGURATION' 'SECTION' paragraphs

'-fdefine-constant-directive=SUPPORT'
     allow >> 'DEFINE' 'CONSTANT' var 'AS' literal

'-ffree-redefines-position=SUPPORT'
     'REDEFINES' clause not following entry-name in definition

'-frecords-mismatch-record-clause=SUPPORT'
     record sizes does not match 'RECORD' clause

'-frecord-delimiter=SUPPORT'
     'RECORD' 'DELIMITER' clause

'-fsequential-delimiters=SUPPORT'
     'BINARY-SEQUENTIAL' and 'LINE-SEQUENTIAL' phrases in 'RECORD'
     'DELIMITER'

'-frecord-delim-with-fixed-recs=SUPPORT'
     'RECORD' 'DELIMITER' clause on file with fixed-length records

'-fmissing-statement=SUPPORT'
     missing statement (e.g.  empty 'IF' / 'PERFORM')

'-fmissing-period=SUPPORT'
     missing period in 'PROCEDURE' 'DIVISION' (when reference format
     supports Area A enforcement)

'-fzero-length-literals=SUPPORT'
     zero-length literals, e.g.  " and ""

'-fxml-generate-extra-phrases=SUPPORT'
     'XML' 'GENERATE''s phrases other than 'COUNT' 'IN'

'-fcontinue-after=SUPPORT'
     'AFTER' phrase in 'CONTINUE' statement

'-fgoto-entry=SUPPORT'
     'ENTRY' 'FOR' 'GO' 'TO' and 'GO' 'TO' 'ENTRY' statements

'-fassign-variable=SUPPORT'
     'ASSIGN' '[TO]' variable in 'SELECT'

'-fassign-using-variable=SUPPORT'
     'ASSIGN' 'USING/VARYING' variable in 'SELECT'

'-fassign-ext-dyn=SUPPORT'
     'ASSIGN' 'EXTERNAL/DYNAMIC' in 'SELECT'

'-fassign-disk-from=SUPPORT'
     'ASSIGN' 'DISK' 'FROM' variable in 'SELECT'

'-fvsam-status=SUPPORT'
     'VSAM' status in 'FILE' 'STATUS'

'-fself-call-recursive=SUPPORT'
     'CALL' to own 'PROGRAM-ID' implies 'RECURSIVE' attribute

'-frecord-contains-depending-clause=SUPPORT'
     'DEPENDING' clause in 'RECORD' 'CONTAINS'

'-fpicture-l=SUPPORT'
     'PICTURE' string with 'L' character where SUPPORT is one of: 'ok,
     warning, archaic, obsolete, skip, ignore, error, unconformable'

'-fnot-reserved=WORD'
     WORD to be taken out of the reserved words list

'-freserved=WORD'
     WORD to be added to reserved words list

'-freserved=WORD:ALIAS'
     WORD to be added to reserved words list as ALIAS

'-fnot-register=WORD'
     special register to disable

'-fregister=WORD or WORD:DEFINITION, where definition uses backslash esca'
     special register to enable


File: gnucobol.info,  Node: Appendix B,  Next: Appendix C,  Prev: Appendix A,  Up: Appendices

Appendix B Reserved Words
*************************

The following list of reserved words was extracted from 'cobc
--list-reserved' and shows the reserved words, an implementation

   *Please notice:* This list is highly specific to the option
'-std=DIALECT' and reserved word options ('-freserved=WORD',
'-fno-reserved=WORD') in effect.  You can get the list for a given
DIALECT by calling 'cobc -std=DIALECT --list-reserved'.

B.1 Common reserved words
=========================

Reserved word                 Implemented    Aliases
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
'3-D'                         Yes	(C/S)
'ABSENT'                      Yes
'ACCEPT'                      Yes
'ACCESS'                      Yes
'ACTION'                      Yes	(C/S)
'ACTIVATING'                  No	(C/S)
'ACTIVE-CLASS'                Yes
'ACTIVE-X'                    Yes	(C/S)
'ACTUAL'                      Yes	(C/S)
'ADD'                         Yes
'ADDRESS'                     Yes
'ADJUSTABLE-COLUMNS'          Yes	(C/S)
'ADVANCING'                   Yes
'AFTER'                       Yes
'ALIGNED'                     Yes
'ALIGNMENT'                   Yes	(C/S)
'ALL'                         Yes
'ALLOCATE'                    Yes
'ALLOWING'                    Yes	(C/S)
'ALPHABET'                    Yes
'ALPHABETIC'                  Yes
'ALPHABETIC-LOWER'            Yes
'ALPHABETIC-UPPER'            Yes
'ALPHANUMERIC'                Yes
'ALPHANUMERIC-EDITED'         Yes
'ALSO'                        Yes
'ALTER'                       Yes
'ALTERNATE'                   Yes
'AND'                         Yes
'ANUM'                        No	(C/S)
'ANY'                         Yes
'ANYCASE'                     No
'APPLY'                       Yes	(C/S)
'ARE'                         Yes
'AREA'                        Yes            'AREAS'
'AREAS'                       Yes            'AREA'
'ARGUMENT-NUMBER'             Yes
'ARGUMENT-VALUE'              Yes
'ARITHMETIC'                  Yes	(C/S)
'AS'                          Yes
'ASCENDING'                   Yes
'ASCII'                       Yes	(C/S)
'ASSIGN'                      Yes
'AT'                          Yes
'ATTRIBUTE'                   Yes	(C/S)
'ATTRIBUTES'                  Yes	(C/S)
'AUTHOR'                      Yes	(C/S)
'AUTO'                        Yes	(C/S)      'AUTO-SKIP, AUTOTERMINATE'
'AUTO-DECIMAL'                Yes	(C/S)
'AUTO-SKIP'                   Yes            'AUTO, AUTOTERMINATE'
'AUTO-SPIN'                   Yes	(C/S)
'AUTOMATIC'                   Yes
'AUTOTERMINATE'               Yes            'AUTO, AUTO-SKIP'
'AWAY-FROM-ZERO'              Yes	(C/S)
'B-AND'                       Yes
'B-NOT'                       Yes
'B-OR'                        Yes
'B-SHIFT-L'                   Yes
'B-SHIFT-LC'                  Yes
'B-SHIFT-R'                   Yes
'B-SHIFT-RC'                  Yes
'B-XOR'                       Yes
'BACKGROUND-COLOR'            Yes	(C/S)      'BACKGROUND-COLOUR'
'BACKGROUND-COLOUR'           Yes            'BACKGROUND-COLOR'
'BACKGROUND-HIGH'             Yes
'BACKGROUND-LOW'              Yes
'BACKGROUND-STANDARD'         Yes
'BACKWARD'                    Yes	(C/S)
'BAR'                         Yes	(C/S)
'BASED'                       Yes
'BEEP'                        Yes            'BELL'
'BEFORE'                      Yes
'BELL'                        Yes	(C/S)      'BEEP'
'BINARY'                      Yes
'BINARY-C-LONG'               Yes
'BINARY-CHAR'                 Yes
'BINARY-DOUBLE'               Yes            'BINARY-LONG-LONG'
'BINARY-INT'                  Yes            'BINARY-LONG'
'BINARY-LONG'                 Yes            'BINARY-INT'
'BINARY-LONG-LONG'            Yes            'BINARY-DOUBLE'
'BINARY-SEQUENTIAL'           Yes	(C/S)
'BINARY-SHORT'                Yes
'BIT'                         Yes
'BITMAP'                      Yes	(C/S)
'BITMAP-END'                  Yes	(C/S)
'BITMAP-HANDLE'               Yes	(C/S)
'BITMAP-NUMBER'               Yes	(C/S)
'BITMAP-START'                Yes	(C/S)
'BITMAP-TIMER'                Yes	(C/S)
'BITMAP-TRAILING'             Yes	(C/S)
'BITMAP-TRANSPARENT-COLOR'    Yes	(C/S)
'BITMAP-WIDTH'                Yes	(C/S)
'BLANK'                       Yes
'BLINK'                       Yes	(C/S)
'BLOCK'                       Yes
'BOOLEAN'                     Yes
'BOTTOM'                      Yes
'BOX'                         Yes	(C/S)
'BOXED'                       Yes	(C/S)
'BULK-ADDITION'               Yes	(C/S)
'BUSY'                        Yes	(C/S)
'BUTTONS'                     Yes	(C/S)
'BY'                          Yes
'BYTE'                        No	(C/S)
'BYTE-LENGTH'                 Yes	(C/S)
'BYTES'                       No
'C'                           Yes	(C/S)
'CALENDAR-FONT'               Yes	(C/S)
'CALL'                        Yes
'CANCEL'                      Yes
'CANCEL-BUTTON'               Yes	(C/S)
'CAPACITY'                    Yes	(C/S)
'CARD-PUNCH'                  Yes	(C/S)
'CARD-READER'                 Yes	(C/S)
'CASSETTE'                    Yes	(C/S)
'CCOL'                        Yes	(C/S)
'CD'                          Yes
'CELL'                        Yes	(C/S)      'CELLS'
'CELL-COLOR'                  Yes	(C/S)
'CELL-DATA'                   Yes	(C/S)
'CELL-FONT'                   Yes	(C/S)
'CELL-PROTECTION'             Yes	(C/S)
'CELLS'                       Yes            'CELL'
'CENTER'                      Yes	(C/S)
'CENTERED'                    Yes	(C/S)
'CENTERED-HEADINGS'           Yes	(C/S)
'CENTURY-DATE'                Yes	(C/S)
'CF'                          Yes
'CH'                          Yes
'CHAIN'                       No
'CHAINING'                    Yes
'CHANGED'                     Yes	(C/S)
'CHARACTER'                   Yes
'CHARACTERS'                  Yes
'CHECK-BOX'                   Yes	(C/S)
'CLASS'                       Yes
'CLASS-ID'                    No
'CLASSIFICATION'              Yes	(C/S)
'CLEAR-SELECTION'             Yes	(C/S)
'CLINE'                       Yes	(C/S)
'CLINES'                      Yes	(C/S)
'CLOSE'                       Yes
'COBOL'                       Yes	(C/S)
'CODE'                        Yes
'CODE-SET'                    Yes
'COL'                         Yes
'COLLATING'                   Yes
'COLOR'                       Yes
'COLORS'                      Yes	(C/S)      'COLOURS'
'COLOURS'                     Yes            'COLORS'
'COLS'                        Yes
'COLUMN'                      Yes
'COLUMN-COLOR'                Yes	(C/S)
'COLUMN-DIVIDERS'             Yes	(C/S)
'COLUMN-FONT'                 Yes	(C/S)
'COLUMN-HEADINGS'             Yes	(C/S)
'COLUMN-PROTECTION'           Yes	(C/S)
'COLUMNS'                     Yes
'COMBO-BOX'                   Yes	(C/S)
'COMMA'                       Yes
'COMMAND-LINE'                Yes
'COMMIT'                      Yes
'COMMON'                      Yes
'COMMUNICATION'               Yes
'COMP'                        Yes            'COMPUTATIONAL'
'COMP-0'                      Yes            'COMPUTATIONAL-0'
'COMP-1'                      Yes            'COMPUTATIONAL-1'
'COMP-10'                     Yes            'COMP-15, DOUBLE,
                                             FLOAT-LONG'
'COMP-15'                     Yes            'COMP-10, DOUBLE,
                                             FLOAT-LONG'
'COMP-2'                      Yes            'COMPUTATIONAL-2'
'COMP-3'                      Yes            'COMPUTATIONAL-3'
'COMP-4'                      Yes            'COMPUTATIONAL-4'
'COMP-5'                      Yes            'COMPUTATIONAL-5'
'COMP-6'                      Yes            'COMPUTATIONAL-6'
'COMP-9'                      Yes            'FLOAT, FLOAT-SHORT'
'COMP-N'                      Yes            'COMPUTATIONAL-N'
'COMP-X'                      Yes            'COMPUTATIONAL-X'
'COMPUTATIONAL'               Yes            'COMP'
'COMPUTATIONAL-0'             Yes            'COMP-0'
'COMPUTATIONAL-1'             Yes            'COMP-1'
'COMPUTATIONAL-2'             Yes            'COMP-2'
'COMPUTATIONAL-3'             Yes            'COMP-3'
'COMPUTATIONAL-4'             Yes            'COMP-4'
'COMPUTATIONAL-5'             Yes            'COMP-5'
'COMPUTATIONAL-6'             Yes            'COMP-6'
'COMPUTATIONAL-N'             Yes            'COMP-N'
'COMPUTATIONAL-X'             Yes            'COMP-X'
'COMPUTE'                     Yes
'CONDITION'                   Yes
'CONFIGURATION'               Yes
'CONSTANT'                    Yes
'CONTAINS'                    Yes
'CONTENT'                     Yes
'CONTINUE'                    Yes
'CONTROL'                     Yes
'CONTROLS'                    Yes
'CONVERSION'                  Yes	(C/S)
'CONVERTING'                  Yes
'COPY'                        Yes
'COPY-SELECTION'              Yes	(C/S)
'CORE-INDEX'                  Yes	(C/S)
'CORR'                        Yes            'CORRESPONDING'
'CORRESPONDING'               Yes            'CORR'
'COUNT'                       Yes
'CRT'                         Yes
'CRT-UNDER'                   Yes
'CSIZE'                       Yes	(C/S)
'CURRENCY'                    Yes
'CURRENT'                     No	(C/S)
'CURSOR'                      Yes
'CURSOR-COL'                  Yes	(C/S)
'CURSOR-COLOR'                Yes	(C/S)
'CURSOR-FRAME-WIDTH'          Yes	(C/S)
'CURSOR-ROW'                  Yes	(C/S)
'CURSOR-X'                    Yes	(C/S)
'CURSOR-Y'                    Yes	(C/S)
'CUSTOM-PRINT-TEMPLATE'       Yes	(C/S)
'CYCLE'                       Yes	(C/S)
'CYL-INDEX'                   Yes	(C/S)
'CYL-OVERFLOW'                Yes	(C/S)
'DASHED'                      Yes	(C/S)
'DATA'                        Yes
'DATA-COLUMNS'                Yes	(C/S)
'DATA-POINTER'                Yes
'DATA-TYPES'                  Yes	(C/S)
'DATE'                        Yes
'DATE-COMPILED'               Yes	(C/S)
'DATE-ENTRY'                  Yes	(C/S)
'DATE-MODIFIED'               Yes	(C/S)
'DATE-WRITTEN'                Yes	(C/S)
'DAY'                         Yes
'DAY-OF-WEEK'                 Yes
'DE'                          Yes
'DEBUGGING'                   Yes
'DECIMAL-POINT'               Yes
'DECLARATIVES'                Yes
'DEFAULT'                     Yes
'DEFAULT-BUTTON'              Yes	(C/S)
'DEFAULT-FONT'                Yes
'DELETE'                      Yes
'DELIMITED'                   Yes
'DELIMITER'                   Yes
'DEPENDING'                   Yes
'DESCENDING'                  Yes
'DESTINATION'                 Yes
'DESTROY'                     Yes
'DETAIL'                      Yes
'DISABLE'                     Yes
'DISC'                        Yes	(C/S)
'DISK'                        Yes	(C/S)
'DISP'                        Yes	(C/S)
'DISPLAY'                     Yes
'DISPLAY-1'                   Yes
'DISPLAY-COLUMNS'             Yes	(C/S)
'DISPLAY-FORMAT'              Yes	(C/S)
'DIVIDE'                      Yes
'DIVIDER-COLOR'               Yes	(C/S)
'DIVIDERS'                    Yes	(C/S)
'DIVISION'                    Yes
'DOTDASH'                     Yes	(C/S)
'DOTTED'                      Yes	(C/S)
'DOUBLE'                      Yes            'COMP-10, COMP-15,
                                             FLOAT-LONG'
'DOWN'                        Yes
'DRAG-COLOR'                  Yes	(C/S)
'DROP-DOWN'                   Yes	(C/S)
'DROP-LIST'                   Yes	(C/S)
'DUPLICATES'                  Yes
'DYNAMIC'                     Yes
'EBCDIC'                      Yes	(C/S)
'EC'                          Yes
'ECHO'                        Yes
'EDITING'                     No
'EGI'                         Yes
'ELEMENT'                     Yes	(C/S)
'ELSE'                        Yes
'EMI'                         Yes
'EMPTY-CHECK'                 Yes            'REQUIRED'
'ENABLE'                      Yes
'ENCODING'                    Yes	(C/S)
'ENCRYPTION'                  Yes	(C/S)
'END'                         Yes
'END-ACCEPT'                  Yes
'END-ADD'                     Yes
'END-CALL'                    Yes
'END-CHAIN'                   No
'END-COLOR'                   Yes	(C/S)
'END-COMPUTE'                 Yes
'END-DELETE'                  Yes
'END-DISPLAY'                 Yes
'END-DIVIDE'                  Yes
'END-EVALUATE'                Yes
'END-IF'                      Yes
'END-JSON'                    Yes
'END-MODIFY'                  Yes	(C/S)
'END-MULTIPLY'                Yes
'END-OF-PAGE'                 Yes            'EOP'
'END-PERFORM'                 Yes
'END-READ'                    Yes
'END-RECEIVE'                 Yes
'END-RETURN'                  Yes
'END-REWRITE'                 Yes
'END-SEARCH'                  Yes
'END-SEND'                    Yes
'END-START'                   Yes
'END-STRING'                  Yes
'END-SUBTRACT'                Yes
'END-UNSTRING'                Yes
'END-WRITE'                   Yes
'END-XML'                     Yes
'ENGRAVED'                    Yes	(C/S)
'ENSURE-VISIBLE'              Yes	(C/S)
'ENTRY'                       Yes
'ENTRY-CONVENTION'            Yes	(C/S)
'ENTRY-FIELD'                 Yes	(C/S)
'ENTRY-REASON'                Yes	(C/S)
'ENVIRONMENT'                 Yes
'ENVIRONMENT-NAME'            Yes
'ENVIRONMENT-VALUE'           Yes
'EO'                          No
'EOL'                         Yes	(C/S)
'EOP'                         Yes            'END-OF-PAGE'
'EOS'                         Yes	(C/S)
'EQUAL'                       Yes            'EQUALS'
'EQUALS'                      Yes            'EQUAL'
'ERASE'                       Yes	(C/S)
'ERROR'                       Yes
'ESCAPE'                      Yes
'ESCAPE-BUTTON'               Yes	(C/S)
'ESI'                         Yes
'EVALUATE'                    Yes
'EVENT'                       Yes
'EVENT-LIST'                  Yes	(C/S)
'EVERY'                       Yes	(C/S)
'EXCEPTION'                   Yes
'EXCEPTION-OBJECT'            No
'EXCEPTION-VALUE'             Yes	(C/S)
'EXCLUSIVE'                   Yes
'EXCLUSIVE-OR'                No
'EXHIBIT'                     Yes
'EXIT'                        Yes
'EXPAND'                      Yes	(C/S)
'EXPANDS'                     No	(C/S)
'EXTEND'                      Yes
'EXTENDED-SEARCH'             Yes	(C/S)
'EXTERN'                      Yes	(C/S)
'EXTERNAL'                    Yes
'EXTERNAL-FORM'               Yes
'F'                           Yes	(C/S)
'FACTORY'                     Yes
'FALSE'                       Yes
'FD'                          Yes
'FH--FCD'                     Yes	(C/S)
'FH--KEYDEF'                  Yes	(C/S)
'FILE'                        Yes
'FILE-CONTROL'                Yes
'FILE-ID'                     Yes
'FILE-LIMIT'                  Yes	(C/S)
'FILE-LIMITS'                 Yes	(C/S)
'FILE-NAME'                   Yes	(C/S)
'FILE-POS'                    Yes	(C/S)
'FILL-COLOR'                  Yes	(C/S)
'FILL-COLOR2'                 Yes	(C/S)
'FILL-PERCENT'                Yes	(C/S)
'FILLER'                      Yes
'FINAL'                       Yes
'FINALLY'                     No
'FINISH-REASON'               Yes	(C/S)
'FIRST'                       Yes
'FIXED'                       Yes
'FIXED-FONT'                  Yes
'FIXED-WIDTH'                 Yes	(C/S)
'FLAT'                        Yes	(C/S)
'FLAT-BUTTONS'                Yes	(C/S)
'FLOAT'                       Yes            'COMP-9, FLOAT-SHORT'
'FLOAT-BINARY-128'            No
'FLOAT-BINARY-32'             No
'FLOAT-BINARY-64'             No
'FLOAT-DECIMAL-16'            Yes
'FLOAT-DECIMAL-34'            Yes
'FLOAT-EXTENDED'              Yes
'FLOAT-INFINITY'              No
'FLOAT-LONG'                  Yes            'COMP-10, COMP-15, DOUBLE'
'FLOAT-NOT-A-NUMBER'          No	(C/S)
'FLOAT-SHORT'                 Yes            'COMP-9, FLOAT'
'FLOATING'                    Yes
'FONT'                        Yes
'FOOTING'                     Yes
'FOR'                         Yes
'FOREGROUND-COLOR'            Yes	(C/S)      'FOREGROUND-COLOUR'
'FOREGROUND-COLOUR'           Yes            'FOREGROUND-COLOR'
'FOREVER'                     Yes	(C/S)
'FORMAT'                      Yes
'FRAME'                       Yes	(C/S)
'FRAMED'                      Yes	(C/S)
'FREE'                        Yes
'FROM'                        Yes
'FULL'                        Yes	(C/S)      'LENGTH-CHECK'
'FULL-HEIGHT'                 Yes	(C/S)
'FUNCTION'                    Yes
'FUNCTION-ID'                 Yes
'FUNCTION-POINTER'            Yes
'GENERATE'                    Yes
'GET'                         No
'GIVING'                      Yes
'GLOBAL'                      Yes
'GO'                          Yes
'GO-BACK'                     Yes	(C/S)
'GO-FORWARD'                  Yes	(C/S)
'GO-HOME'                     Yes	(C/S)
'GO-SEARCH'                   Yes	(C/S)
'GOBACK'                      Yes
'GRAPHICAL'                   Yes	(C/S)
'GREATER'                     Yes
'GRID'                        Yes	(C/S)
'GROUP'                       Yes
'GROUP-USAGE'                 No
'GROUP-VALUE'                 Yes	(C/S)
'HANDLE'                      Yes
'HAS-CHILDREN'                Yes	(C/S)
'HEADING'                     Yes
'HEADING-COLOR'               Yes	(C/S)
'HEADING-DIVIDER-COLOR'       Yes	(C/S)
'HEADING-FONT'                Yes	(C/S)
'HEAVY'                       Yes	(C/S)
'HEIGHT-IN-CELLS'             Yes	(C/S)
'HEX'                         No	(C/S)
'HIDDEN-DATA'                 Yes	(C/S)
'HIGH-COLOR'                  Yes	(C/S)
'HIGH-VALUE'                  Yes            'HIGH-VALUES'
'HIGH-VALUES'                 Yes            'HIGH-VALUE'
'HIGHLIGHT'                   Yes	(C/S)
'HOT-TRACK'                   Yes	(C/S)
'HSCROLL'                     Yes	(C/S)
'HSCROLL-POS'                 Yes	(C/S)
'I-O'                         Yes
'I-O-CONTROL'                 Yes
'ICON'                        Yes	(C/S)
'ID'                          Yes
'IDENTIFICATION'              Yes
'IDENTIFIED'                  Yes
'IF'                          Yes
'IGNORE'                      Yes
'IGNORING'                    Yes	(C/S)
'IMPLEMENTS'                  No	(C/S)
'IN'                          Yes
'INDEPENDENT'                 Yes	(C/S)
'INDEX'                       Yes
'INDEXED'                     Yes
'INDICATE'                    Yes
'INHERITS'                    No
'INITIAL'                     Yes
'INITIALISE'                  Yes            'INITIALIZE'
'INITIALISED'                 Yes            'INITIALIZED'
'INITIALIZE'                  Yes            'INITIALISE'
'INITIALIZED'                 Yes	(C/S)      'INITIALISED'
'INITIATE'                    Yes
'INPUT'                       Yes
'INPUT-OUTPUT'                Yes
'INQUIRE'                     Yes
'INSERT-ROWS'                 Yes	(C/S)
'INSERTION-INDEX'             Yes	(C/S)
'INSPECT'                     Yes
'INSTALLATION'                Yes	(C/S)
'INTERFACE'                   No
'INTERFACE-ID'                No
'INTERMEDIATE'                Yes	(C/S)
'INTO'                        Yes
'INTRINSIC'                   Yes	(C/S)
'INVALID'                     Yes
'INVOKE'                      No
'IS'                          Yes
'ITEM'                        Yes	(C/S)
'ITEM-TEXT'                   Yes	(C/S)
'ITEM-TO-ADD'                 Yes	(C/S)
'ITEM-TO-DELETE'              Yes	(C/S)
'ITEM-TO-EMPTY'               Yes	(C/S)
'ITEM-VALUE'                  Yes	(C/S)
'JSON'                        Yes
'JUST'                        Yes            'JUSTIFIED'
'JUSTIFIED'                   Yes            'JUST'
'KEPT'                        Yes
'KEY'                         Yes
'KEYBOARD'                    Yes	(C/S)
'LABEL'                       Yes
'LABEL-OFFSET'                Yes	(C/S)
'LARGE-FONT'                  Yes
'LARGE-OFFSET'                Yes	(C/S)
'LAST'                        Yes
'LAST-ROW'                    Yes	(C/S)
'LAYOUT-DATA'                 Yes	(C/S)
'LAYOUT-MANAGER'              Yes
'LC_ALL'                      No	(C/S)
'LC_COLLATE'                  No	(C/S)
'LC_CTYPE'                    No	(C/S)
'LC_MESSAGES'                 No	(C/S)
'LC_MONETARY'                 No	(C/S)
'LC_NUMERIC'                  No	(C/S)
'LC_TIME'                     No	(C/S)
'LEADING'                     Yes
'LEADING-SHIFT'               Yes	(C/S)
'LEAVE'                       Yes	(C/S)
'LEFT'                        Yes
'LEFT-JUSTIFY'                No
'LEFT-TEXT'                   Yes	(C/S)
'LEFTLINE'                    Yes
'LENGTH'                      Yes
'LENGTH-CHECK'                Yes            'FULL'
'LESS'                        Yes
'LIKE'                        Yes
'LIMIT'                       Yes
'LIMITS'                      Yes
'LINAGE'                      Yes
'LINAGE-COUNTER'              Yes
'LINE'                        Yes
'LINE-COUNTER'                Yes
'LINE-SEQUENTIAL'             Yes	(C/S)
'LINES'                       Yes
'LINES-AT-ROOT'               Yes	(C/S)
'LINKAGE'                     Yes
'LIST-BOX'                    Yes	(C/S)
'LM-RESIZE'                   Yes
'LOC'                         Yes	(C/S)
'LOCAL-STORAGE'               Yes
'LOCALE'                      Yes
'LOCATION'                    No	(C/S)
'LOCK'                        Yes
'LOCK-HOLDING'                Yes	(C/S)
'LONG-DATE'                   Yes	(C/S)
'LOW-COLOR'                   Yes	(C/S)
'LOW-VALUE'                   Yes            'LOW-VALUES'
'LOW-VALUES'                  Yes            'LOW-VALUE'
'LOWER'                       Yes	(C/S)
'LOWERED'                     Yes	(C/S)
'LOWLIGHT'                    Yes	(C/S)
'MAGNETIC-TAPE'               Yes	(C/S)
'MANUAL'                      Yes
'MASS-UPDATE'                 Yes	(C/S)
'MASTER-INDEX'                Yes	(C/S)
'MAX-LINES'                   Yes	(C/S)
'MAX-PROGRESS'                Yes	(C/S)
'MAX-TEXT'                    Yes	(C/S)
'MAX-VAL'                     Yes	(C/S)
'MEDIUM-FONT'                 Yes
'MEMORY'                      Yes	(C/S)
'MENU'                        Yes
'MERGE'                       Yes
'MESSAGE'                     Yes
'MESSAGE-TAG'                 No
'METHOD'                      No
'METHOD-ID'                   No
'MICROSECOND-TIME'            Yes	(C/S)
'MIN-VAL'                     Yes	(C/S)
'MINUS'                       Yes
'MODE'                        Yes
'MODIFY'                      Yes
'MODULES'                     Yes	(C/S)
'MOVE'                        Yes
'MULTILINE'                   Yes	(C/S)
'MULTIPLE'                    Yes
'MULTIPLY'                    Yes
'NAME'                        Yes	(C/S)
'NAMED'                       Yes	(C/S)
'NAMESPACE'                   Yes	(C/S)
'NAMESPACE-PREFIX'            Yes	(C/S)
'NAT'                         No	(C/S)
'NATIONAL'                    Yes
'NATIONAL-EDITED'             Yes
'NATIVE'                      Yes
'NAVIGATE-URL'                Yes	(C/S)
'NEAREST-AWAY-FROM-ZERO'      Yes	(C/S)
'NEAREST-EVEN'                Yes	(C/S)
'NEAREST-TOWARD-ZERO'         Yes	(C/S)
'NEGATIVE'                    Yes
'NESTED'                      Yes
'NEW'                         Yes
'NEXT'                        Yes
'NEXT-ITEM'                   Yes	(C/S)
'NO'                          Yes
'NO-AUTO-DEFAULT'             Yes	(C/S)
'NO-AUTOSEL'                  Yes	(C/S)
'NO-BOX'                      Yes	(C/S)
'NO-DIVIDERS'                 Yes	(C/S)
'NO-ECHO'                     Yes
'NO-F4'                       Yes	(C/S)
'NO-FOCUS'                    Yes	(C/S)
'NO-GROUP-TAB'                Yes	(C/S)
'NO-KEY-LETTER'               Yes	(C/S)
'NO-SEARCH'                   Yes	(C/S)
'NO-UPDOWN'                   Yes	(C/S)
'NOMINAL'                     Yes	(C/S)
'NONE'                        Yes	(C/S)
'NONNUMERIC'                  Yes	(C/S)
'NORMAL'                      Yes	(C/S)
'NOT'                         Yes
'NOTAB'                       Yes	(C/S)
'NOTHING'                     Yes
'NOTIFY'                      Yes	(C/S)
'NOTIFY-CHANGE'               Yes	(C/S)
'NOTIFY-DBLCLICK'             Yes	(C/S)
'NOTIFY-SELCHANGE'            Yes	(C/S)
'NULL'                        Yes            'NULLS'
'NULLS'                       Yes            'NULL'
'NUM-COL-HEADINGS'            Yes	(C/S)
'NUM-ROWS'                    Yes	(C/S)
'NUMBER'                      Yes
'NUMBERS'                     Yes
'NUMERIC'                     Yes
'NUMERIC-EDITED'              Yes
'OBJECT'                      Yes
'OBJECT-COMPUTER'             Yes
'OBJECT-REFERENCE'            No
'OCCURS'                      Yes
'OF'                          Yes
'OFF'                         Yes
'OK-BUTTON'                   Yes	(C/S)
'OMITTED'                     Yes
'ON'                          Yes
'ONLY'                        Yes
'OPEN'                        Yes
'OPTIONAL'                    Yes
'OPTIONS'                     Yes
'OR'                          Yes
'ORDER'                       Yes
'ORGANISATION'                Yes            'ORGANIZATION'
'ORGANIZATION'                Yes            'ORGANISATION'
'OTHER'                       Yes
'OTHERS'                      Yes	(C/S)
'OUTPUT'                      Yes
'OVERFLOW'                    Yes
'OVERLAP-LEFT'                Yes	(C/S)      'OVERLAP-TOP'
'OVERLAP-TOP'                 Yes	(C/S)      'OVERLAP-LEFT'
'OVERLINE'                    Yes
'OVERRIDE'                    No
'PACKED-DECIMAL'              Yes
'PADDING'                     Yes
'PAGE'                        Yes
'PAGE-COUNTER'                Yes
'PAGE-SETUP'                  Yes	(C/S)
'PAGED'                       Yes	(C/S)
'PARAGRAPH'                   Yes	(C/S)
'PARENT'                      Yes	(C/S)
'PARSE'                       Yes	(C/S)
'PASCAL'                      Yes	(C/S)
'PASSWORD'                    Yes	(C/S)
'PERFORM'                     Yes
'PERMANENT'                   Yes	(C/S)
'PF'                          Yes
'PH'                          Yes
'PHYSICAL'                    Yes
'PIC'                         Yes            'PICTURE'
'PICTURE'                     Yes            'PIC'
'PIXEL'                       Yes	(C/S)      'PIXELS'
'PIXELS'                      Yes            'PIXEL'
'PLACEMENT'                   Yes	(C/S)
'PLUS'                        Yes
'POINTER'                     Yes
'POP-UP'                      Yes	(C/S)
'POS'                         Yes	(C/S)
'POSITION'                    Yes
'POSITION-SHIFT'              Yes	(C/S)
'POSITIVE'                    Yes
'PREFIXED'                    No	(C/S)
'PRESENT'                     Yes
'PREVIOUS'                    Yes	(C/S)
'PRINT'                       Yes	(C/S)
'PRINT-NO-PROMPT'             Yes	(C/S)
'PRINT-PREVIEW'               Yes	(C/S)
'PRINTER'                     Yes	(C/S)
'PRINTER-1'                   Yes	(C/S)
'PRINTING'                    Yes
'PRIORITY'                    Yes
'PROCEDURE'                   Yes
'PROCEDURE-POINTER'           Yes            'PROGRAM-POINTER'
'PROCEDURES'                  Yes
'PROCEED'                     Yes
'PROCESSING'                  Yes	(C/S)
'PROGRAM'                     Yes
'PROGRAM-ID'                  Yes
'PROGRAM-POINTER'             Yes            'PROCEDURE-POINTER'
'PROGRESS'                    Yes	(C/S)
'PROHIBITED'                  Yes	(C/S)
'PROMPT'                      Yes
'PROPERTIES'                  Yes	(C/S)
'PROPERTY'                    Yes
'PROTECTED'                   Yes	(C/S)
'PROTOTYPE'                   Yes
'PURGE'                       Yes
'PUSH-BUTTON'                 Yes	(C/S)
'QUERY-INDEX'                 Yes	(C/S)
'QUEUE'                       Yes
'QUOTE'                       Yes            'QUOTES'
'QUOTES'                      Yes            'QUOTE'
'RADIO-BUTTON'                Yes	(C/S)
'RAISE'                       Yes
'RAISED'                      Yes	(C/S)
'RAISING'                     Yes
'RANDOM'                      Yes
'RD'                          Yes
'READ'                        Yes
'READ-ONLY'                   Yes	(C/S)
'READERS'                     Yes	(C/S)
'RECEIVE'                     Yes
'RECEIVED'                    Yes
'RECORD'                      Yes
'RECORD-DATA'                 Yes	(C/S)
'RECORD-OVERFLOW'             Yes	(C/S)
'RECORD-TO-ADD'               Yes	(C/S)
'RECORD-TO-DELETE'            Yes	(C/S)
'RECORDING'                   Yes
'RECORDS'                     Yes
'RECURSIVE'                   Yes	(C/S)
'REDEFINES'                   Yes
'REEL'                        Yes
'REFERENCE'                   Yes
'REFERENCES'                  Yes
'REFRESH'                     Yes	(C/S)
'REGION-COLOR'                Yes	(C/S)
'RELATION'                    Yes	(C/S)
'RELATIVE'                    Yes
'RELEASE'                     Yes
'REMAINDER'                   Yes
'REMARKS'                     Yes	(C/S)
'REMOVAL'                     Yes
'RENAMES'                     Yes
'REORG-CRITERIA'              Yes	(C/S)
'REPEATED'                    Yes
'REPLACE'                     Yes
'REPLACING'                   Yes
'REPORT'                      Yes
'REPORTING'                   Yes
'REPORTS'                     Yes
'REPOSITORY'                  Yes
'REQUIRED'                    Yes	(C/S)      'EMPTY-CHECK'
'REREAD'                      Yes	(C/S)
'RERUN'                       Yes	(C/S)
'RESERVE'                     Yes
'RESET'                       Yes
'RESET-GRID'                  Yes	(C/S)
'RESET-LIST'                  Yes	(C/S)
'RESET-TABS'                  Yes	(C/S)
'RESUME'                      No
'RETRY'                       Yes
'RETURN'                      Yes
'RETURNING'                   Yes
'REVERSE'                     Yes
'REVERSE-VIDEO'               Yes	(C/S)
'REVERSED'                    Yes
'REWIND'                      Yes
'REWRITE'                     Yes
'RF'                          Yes
'RH'                          Yes
'RIGHT'                       Yes
'RIGHT-ALIGN'                 Yes	(C/S)
'RIGHT-JUSTIFY'               No
'RIGHTLINE'                   Yes
'RIMMED'                      Yes	(C/S)
'ROLLBACK'                    Yes
'ROUNDED'                     Yes
'ROUNDING'                    Yes	(C/S)
'ROW-COLOR'                   Yes	(C/S)
'ROW-COLOR-PATTERN'           Yes	(C/S)
'ROW-DIVIDERS'                Yes	(C/S)
'ROW-FONT'                    Yes	(C/S)
'ROW-HEADINGS'                Yes	(C/S)
'ROW-PROTECTION'              Yes	(C/S)
'RUN'                         Yes
'S'                           Yes	(C/S)
'SAME'                        Yes
'SAVE-AS'                     Yes	(C/S)
'SAVE-AS-NO-PROMPT'           Yes	(C/S)
'SCREEN'                      Yes
'SCROLL'                      Yes	(C/S)
'SCROLL-BAR'                  Yes	(C/S)
'SD'                          Yes
'SEARCH'                      Yes
'SEARCH-OPTIONS'              Yes	(C/S)
'SEARCH-TEXT'                 Yes	(C/S)
'SECONDS'                     Yes	(C/S)
'SECTION'                     Yes
'SECURE'                      Yes	(C/S)
'SECURITY'                    Yes	(C/S)
'SEGMENT'                     Yes
'SEGMENT-LIMIT'               Yes
'SELECT'                      Yes
'SELECT-ALL'                  Yes	(C/S)
'SELECTION-INDEX'             Yes	(C/S)
'SELECTION-TEXT'              Yes	(C/S)
'SELF'                        No
'SELF-ACT'                    Yes	(C/S)
'SEND'                        Yes
'SENTENCE'                    Yes
'SEPARATE'                    Yes
'SEPARATION'                  Yes	(C/S)
'SEQUENCE'                    Yes
'SEQUENTIAL'                  Yes
'SET'                         Yes
'SHADING'                     Yes	(C/S)
'SHADOW'                      Yes	(C/S)
'SHARING'                     Yes
'SHORT-DATE'                  Yes	(C/S)
'SHOW-LINES'                  Yes	(C/S)
'SHOW-NONE'                   Yes	(C/S)
'SHOW-SEL-ALWAYS'             Yes	(C/S)
'SIGN'                        Yes
'SIGNED'                      Yes
'SIGNED-INT'                  Yes
'SIGNED-LONG'                 Yes
'SIGNED-SHORT'                Yes
'SIZE'                        Yes
'SMALL-FONT'                  Yes
'SORT'                        Yes
'SORT-MERGE'                  Yes
'SORT-ORDER'                  Yes	(C/S)
'SOURCE'                      Yes
'SOURCE-COMPUTER'             Yes
'SOURCES'                     No
'SPACE'                       Yes            'SPACES'
'SPACE-FILL'                  No
'SPACES'                      Yes            'SPACE'
'SPECIAL-NAMES'               Yes
'SPINNER'                     Yes	(C/S)
'SQUARE'                      Yes	(C/S)
'STACK'                       No	(C/S)
'STANDARD'                    Yes
'STANDARD-1'                  Yes
'STANDARD-2'                  Yes
'STANDARD-BINARY'             Yes	(C/S)
'STANDARD-DECIMAL'            Yes	(C/S)
'START'                       Yes
'START-X'                     Yes	(C/S)
'START-Y'                     Yes	(C/S)
'STATEMENT'                   No	(C/S)
'STATIC'                      Yes	(C/S)
'STATIC-LIST'                 Yes	(C/S)
'STATUS'                      Yes
'STATUS-BAR'                  Yes	(C/S)
'STATUS-TEXT'                 Yes	(C/S)
'STDCALL'                     Yes	(C/S)
'STEP'                        Yes	(C/S)
'STOP'                        Yes
'STRING'                      Yes
'STRONG'                      Yes	(C/S)
'STYLE'                       Yes	(C/S)
'SUB-QUEUE-1'                 Yes
'SUB-QUEUE-2'                 Yes
'SUB-QUEUE-3'                 Yes
'SUBTRACT'                    Yes
'SUBWINDOW'                   Yes
'SUM'                         Yes
'SUPER'                       No
'SUPPRESS'                    Yes
'SYMBOL'                      No	(C/S)
'SYMBOLIC'                    Yes
'SYNC'                        Yes            'SYNCHRONISED,
                                             SYNCHRONIZED'
'SYNCHRONISED'                Yes            'SYNC, SYNCHRONIZED'
'SYNCHRONIZED'                Yes            'SYNC, SYNCHRONISED'
'SYSTEM-DEFAULT'              Yes
'SYSTEM-INFO'                 Yes	(C/S)
'SYSTEM-OFFSET'               Yes
'TAB'                         Yes	(C/S)
'TAB-TO-ADD'                  Yes	(C/S)
'TAB-TO-DELETE'               Yes	(C/S)
'TABLE'                       Yes
'TALLYING'                    Yes
'TAPE'                        Yes	(C/S)
'TEMPORARY'                   Yes	(C/S)
'TERMINAL-INFO'               Yes	(C/S)
'TERMINATE'                   Yes
'TERMINATION-VALUE'           Yes	(C/S)
'TEST'                        Yes
'TEXT'                        Yes
'THAN'                        Yes
'THEN'                        Yes
'THREAD'                      Yes
'THREADS'                     Yes
'THROUGH'                     Yes            'THRU'
'THRU'                        Yes            'THROUGH'
'THUMB-POSITION'              Yes	(C/S)
'TILED-HEADINGS'              Yes	(C/S)
'TIME'                        Yes
'TIME-OUT'                    Yes	(C/S)      'TIMEOUT'
'TIMEOUT'                     Yes            'TIME-OUT'
'TIMES'                       Yes
'TITLE'                       Yes	(C/S)
'TITLE-POSITION'              Yes	(C/S)
'TO'                          Yes
'TOP'                         Yes
'TOP-LEVEL'                   No	(C/S)
'TOWARD-GREATER'              Yes	(C/S)
'TOWARD-LESSER'               Yes	(C/S)
'TRACK'                       Yes	(C/S)
'TRACK-AREA'                  Yes	(C/S)
'TRACK-LIMIT'                 Yes	(C/S)
'TRACKS'                      Yes	(C/S)
'TRADITIONAL-FONT'            Yes
'TRAILING'                    Yes
'TRAILING-SHIFT'              Yes	(C/S)
'TRAILING-SIGN'               No
'TRANSFORM'                   Yes
'TRANSPARENT'                 Yes	(C/S)
'TREE-VIEW'                   Yes	(C/S)
'TRUE'                        Yes
'TRUNCATION'                  Yes	(C/S)
'TYPE'                        Yes
'TYPEDEF'                     Yes
'U'                           Yes	(C/S)
'UCS-4'                       Yes	(C/S)
'UNBOUNDED'                   Yes	(C/S)
'UNDERLINE'                   Yes	(C/S)
'UNFRAMED'                    Yes	(C/S)
'UNIT'                        Yes
'UNIVERSAL'                   No
'UNLOCK'                      Yes
'UNSIGNED'                    Yes
'UNSIGNED-INT'                Yes
'UNSIGNED-LONG'               Yes
'UNSIGNED-SHORT'              Yes
'UNSORTED'                    Yes	(C/S)
'UNSTRING'                    Yes
'UNTIL'                       Yes
'UP'                          Yes
'UPDATE'                      Yes
'UPDATERS'                    Yes	(C/S)
'UPON'                        Yes
'UPPER'                       Yes	(C/S)
'USAGE'                       Yes
'USE'                         Yes
'USE-ALT'                     Yes	(C/S)
'USE-RETURN'                  Yes	(C/S)
'USE-TAB'                     Yes	(C/S)
'USER'                        Yes	(C/S)
'USER-DEFAULT'                Yes
'USING'                       Yes
'UTF-16'                      Yes	(C/S)
'UTF-8'                       Yes	(C/S)
'V'                           Yes	(C/S)
'VAL-STATUS'                  Yes            'VALIDATE-STATUS'
'VALID'                       Yes
'VALIDATE'                    Yes
'VALIDATE-STATUS'             Yes            'VAL-STATUS'
'VALIDATING'                  Yes	(C/S)
'VALUE'                       Yes
'VALUE-FORMAT'                Yes	(C/S)
'VALUES'                      Yes
'VARIABLE'                    Yes	(C/S)
'VARIANT'                     Yes
'VARYING'                     Yes
'VERTICAL'                    Yes	(C/S)
'VERY-HEAVY'                  Yes	(C/S)
'VIRTUAL-WIDTH'               Yes	(C/S)
'VOLATILE'                    Yes
'VPADDING'                    Yes	(C/S)
'VSCROLL'                     Yes	(C/S)
'VSCROLL-BAR'                 Yes	(C/S)
'VSCROLL-POS'                 Yes	(C/S)
'VTOP'                        Yes	(C/S)
'WAIT'                        Yes
'WEB-BROWSER'                 Yes	(C/S)
'WHEN'                        Yes
'WIDTH'                       Yes	(C/S)
'WIDTH-IN-CELLS'              Yes	(C/S)
'WINDOW'                      Yes
'WITH'                        Yes
'WORDS'                       Yes
'WORKING-STORAGE'             Yes
'WRAP'                        Yes	(C/S)
'WRITE'                       Yes
'WRITE-ONLY'                  Yes	(C/S)
'WRITE-VERIFY'                Yes	(C/S)
'WRITERS'                     Yes	(C/S)
'X'                           Yes	(C/S)
'XML'                         Yes
'XML-DECLARATION'             Yes	(C/S)
'XML-SCHEMA'                  Yes	(C/S)
'XOR'                         No
'Y'                           Yes	(C/S)
'YYYYDDD'                     Yes	(C/S)
'YYYYMMDD'                    Yes	(C/S)
'ZERO'                        Yes            'ZEROES, ZEROS'
'ZERO-FILL'                   No	(C/S)
'ZEROES'                      Yes            'ZERO, ZEROS'
'ZEROS'                       Yes            'ZERO, ZEROES'

B.2 Internal registers
======================

Register                      Implemented    Definition
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
''ADDRESS OF' phrase'         Yes            'USAGE POINTER'
'COB-CRT-STATUS'              Yes            'PICTURE 9(4) USAGE DISPLAY
                                             VALUE ZERO'
'DEBUG-ITEM'                  Yes            'PICTURE X(n) USAGE
                                             DISPLAY'
''LENGTH OF' phrase'          Yes            'CONSTANT USAGE
                                             BINARY-LONG'
'NUMBER-OF-CALL-PARAMETERS'   Yes            'USAGE BINARY-LONG'
'RETURN-CODE'                 Yes            'GLOBAL USAGE BINARY-LONG
                                             VALUE ZERO'
'SORT-RETURN'                 Yes            'GLOBAL USAGE BINARY-LONG
                                             VALUE ZERO'
'TALLY'                       Yes            'GLOBAL PICTURE 9(5) USAGE
                                             BINARY VALUE ZERO'
'WHEN-COMPILED'               Yes            'CONSTANT PICTURE X(16)
                                             USAGE DISPLAY'
'XML-CODE'                    Yes            'GLOBAL PICTURE S9(9) USAGE
                                             BINARY VALUE 0'
'XML-EVENT'                   Yes            'GLOBAL USAGE DISPLAY
                                             PICTURE X(30) VALUE SPACE'
'XML-INFORMATION'             Yes            'GLOBAL PICTURE S9(9) USAGE
                                             BINARY VALUE 0'
'XML-NAMESPACE'               Yes            'GLOBAL PIC X ANY LENGTH'
'XML-NAMESPACE-PREFIX'        Yes            'GLOBAL PIC X ANY LENGTH'
'XML-NNAMESPACE'              Yes            'GLOBAL PIC N ANY LENGTH'
'XML-NNAMESPACE-PREFIX'       Yes            'GLOBAL PIC N ANY LENGTH'
'XML-NTEXT'                   Yes            'GLOBAL PIC N ANY LENGTH'
'XML-TEXT'                    Yes            'GLOBAL PIC X ANY LENGTH'
'JSON-CODE'                   Yes            'GLOBAL PICTURE S9(9) USAGE
                                             BINARY VALUE 0'
'JSON-STATUS'                 Yes            'GLOBAL PICTURE S9(9) USAGE
                                             BINARY VALUE 0'


File: gnucobol.info,  Node: Appendix C,  Next: Appendix D,  Prev: Appendix B,  Up: Appendices

Appendix C Intrinsic Functions
******************************

The following list of intrinsic functions was extracted from 'cobc
--list-intrinsics' and shows the names of the available functions, an
implementation note and the number of parameters.

Intrinsic                     Function       Implemented
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
'ABS'                         Yes            1
'ACOS'                        Yes            1
'ANNUITY'                     Yes            2
'ASIN'                        Yes            1
'ATAN'                        Yes            1
'BASECONVERT'                 No             3
'BIT-OF'                      Yes            1
'BIT-TO-CHAR'                 Yes            1
'BOOLEAN-OF-INTEGER'          No             2
'BYTE-LENGTH'                 Yes            1
'CHAR'                        Yes            1
'CHAR-NATIONAL'               No             1
'COMBINED-DATETIME'           Yes            2
'CONCAT'                      Yes            Unlimited
'CONCATENATE'                 Yes            Unlimited
'CONTENT-LENGTH'              Yes            1
'CONTENT-OF'                  Yes            1
'CONVERT'                     No             3
'COS'                         Yes            1
'CURRENCY-SYMBOL'             Yes            0
'CURRENT-DATE'                Yes            0
'DATE-OF-INTEGER'             Yes            1
'DATE-TO-YYYYMMDD'            Yes            1
'DAY-OF-INTEGER'              Yes            1
'DAY-TO-YYYYDDD'              Yes            1
'DISPLAY-OF'                  No             1
'E'                           Yes            0
'EXCEPTION-FILE'              Yes            0
'EXCEPTION-FILE-N'            No             0
'EXCEPTION-LOCATION'          Yes            0
'EXCEPTION-LOCATION-N'        No             0
'EXCEPTION-STATEMENT'         Yes            0
'EXCEPTION-STATUS'            Yes            0
'EXP'                         Yes            1
'EXP10'                       Yes            1
'FACTORIAL'                   Yes            1
'FIND-STRING'                 No             7
'FORMATTED-CURRENT-DATE'      Yes            1
'FORMATTED-DATE'              Yes            2
'FORMATTED-DATETIME'          Yes            4
'FORMATTED-TIME'              Yes            3
'FRACTION-PART'               Yes            1
'HEX-OF'                      Yes            1
'HEX-TO-CHAR'                 Yes            1
'HIGHEST-ALGEBRAIC'           Yes            1
'INTEGER'                     Yes            1
'INTEGER-OF-BOOLEAN'          No             1
'INTEGER-OF-DATE'             Yes            1
'INTEGER-OF-DAY'              Yes            1
'INTEGER-OF-FORMATTED-DATE'   Yes            2
'INTEGER-PART'                Yes            1
'LENGTH'                      Yes            1
'LENGTH-AN'                   Yes            1
'LOCALE-COMPARE'              Yes            2
'LOCALE-DATE'                 Yes            1
'LOCALE-TIME'                 Yes            1
'LOCALE-TIME-FROM-SECONDS'    Yes            1
'LOG'                         Yes            1
'LOG10'                       Yes            1
'LOWER-CASE'                  Yes            1
'LOWEST-ALGEBRAIC'            Yes            1
'MAX'                         Yes            Unlimited
'MEAN'                        Yes            Unlimited
'MEDIAN'                      Yes            Unlimited
'MIDRANGE'                    Yes            Unlimited
'MIN'                         Yes            Unlimited
'MOD'                         Yes            2
'MODULE-CALLER-ID'            Yes            0
'MODULE-DATE'                 Yes            0
'MODULE-FORMATTED-DATE'       Yes            0
'MODULE-ID'                   Yes            0
'MODULE-NAME'                 No             1
'MODULE-PATH'                 Yes            0
'MODULE-SOURCE'               Yes            0
'MODULE-TIME'                 Yes            0
'MONETARY-DECIMAL-POINT'      Yes            0
'MONETARY-THOUSANDS-SEPARATOR'Yes            0
'NATIONAL-OF'                 No             1
'NUMERIC-DECIMAL-POINT'       Yes            0
'NUMERIC-THOUSANDS-SEPARATOR' Yes            0
'NUMVAL'                      Yes            1
'NUMVAL-C'                    Yes            2
'NUMVAL-F'                    Yes            1
'ORD'                         Yes            1
'ORD-MAX'                     Yes            Unlimited
'ORD-MIN'                     Yes            Unlimited
'PI'                          Yes            0
'PRESENT-VALUE'               Yes            Unlimited
'RANDOM'                      Yes            0
'RANGE'                       Yes            Unlimited
'REM'                         Yes            2
'REVERSE'                     Yes            1
'SECONDS-FROM-FORMATTED-TIME' Yes            2
'SECONDS-PAST-MIDNIGHT'       Yes            0
'SIGN'                        Yes            1
'SIN'                         Yes            1
'SQRT'                        Yes            1
'STANDARD-COMPARE'            No             2
'STANDARD-DEVIATION'          Yes            Unlimited
'STORED-CHAR-LENGTH'          Yes            1
'SUBSTITUTE'                  Yes            Unlimited
'SUBSTITUTE-CASE'             Yes            Unlimited
'SUM'                         Yes            Unlimited
'TAN'                         Yes            1
'TEST-DATE-YYYYMMDD'          Yes            1
'TEST-DAY-YYYYDDD'            Yes            1
'TEST-FORMATTED-DATETIME'     Yes            2
'TEST-NUMVAL'                 Yes            1
'TEST-NUMVAL-C'               Yes            2
'TEST-NUMVAL-F'               Yes            1
'TRIM'                        Yes            1
'UPPER-CASE'                  Yes            1
'VARIANCE'                    Yes            Unlimited
'WHEN-COMPILED'               Yes            0
'YEAR-TO-YYYY'                Yes            1


File: gnucobol.info,  Node: Appendix D,  Next: Appendix E,  Prev: Appendix C,  Up: Appendices

Appendix D System routines
**************************

The following list of system routines was extracted from 'cobc
--list-system' and shows the names of the available system routines
along with the number of parameters.

System routine                Parameters
---------------------------------------------
'SYSTEM'                      1
'CBL_AND'                     3
'CBL_ALARM_SOUND'             0
'CBL_BELL_SOUND'              0
'CBL_CHANGE_DIR'              1
'CBL_CHECK_FILE_EXIST'        2
'CBL_CLOSE_FILE'              1
'CBL_COPY_FILE'               2
'CBL_CREATE_DIR'              1
'CBL_CREATE_FILE'             5
'CBL_DELETE_DIR'              1
'CBL_DELETE_FILE'             1
'CBL_EQ'                      3
'CBL_ERROR_PROC'              2
'CBL_EXIT_PROC'               2
'CBL_RUNTIME_ERROR'           2
'CBL_FLUSH_FILE'              1
'CBL_GET_CSR_POS'             1
'CBL_GET_CURRENT_DIR'         3
'CBL_GET_SCR_SIZE'            2
'CBL_IMP'                     3
'CBL_NIMP'                    3
'CBL_NOR'                     3
'CBL_NOT'                     2
'CBL_OPEN_FILE'               5
'CBL_OR'                      3
'CBL_READ_FILE'               5
'CBL_READ_KBD_CHAR'           1
'CBL_RENAME_FILE'             2
'CBL_SET_CSR_POS'             1
'CBL_TOLOWER'                 2
'CBL_TOUPPER'                 2
'CBL_WRITE_FILE'              5
'CBL_XOR'                     3
'CBL_GC_FORK'                 0
'CBL_GC_GETOPT'               6
'CBL_GC_HOSTED'               2
'CBL_GC_NANOSLEEP'            1
'CBL_GC_PRINTABLE'            1 - 2
'CBL_GC_SET_SCR_SIZE'         2
'CBL_GC_WAITPID'              1
'CBL_OC_GETOPT'               6
'CBL_OC_HOSTED'               2
'CBL_OC_NANOSLEEP'            1
'C$CALLEDBY'                  1
'C$CHDIR'                     2
'C$COPY'                      3
'C$DELETE'                    2
'C$FILEINFO'                  2
'C$GETPID'                    0
'C$JUSTIFY'                   1 - 2
'C$MAKEDIR'                   1
'C$NARG'                      1
'C$PARAMSIZE'                 1
'C$PRINTABLE'                 1 - 2
'C$SLEEP'                     1
'C$TOLOWER'                   2
'C$TOUPPER'                   2
'EXTFH'                       2
'X"91"'                       3
'X"E4"'                       0
'X"E5"'                       0
'X"F4"'                       2
'X"F5"'                       2


File: gnucobol.info,  Node: Appendix E,  Next: Appendix F,  Prev: Appendix D,  Up: Appendices

Appendix E System names
***********************

The following list of system names was extracted from 'cobc
--list-mnemonics' and shows the system names categorized by their type.

E.1 System names: device
========================

'SYSIN', 'SYSIPT', 'STDIN', 'SYSOUT', 'SYSLIST', 'SYSLST', 'SYSPCH',
'SYSPUNCH', 'STDOUT', 'PRINT', 'PRINTER', 'PRINTER-1', 'SYSERR',
'STDERR', 'CONSOLE', 'ALTERNATE-CONSOLE', 'ALTERNATE'

E.2 System names: feature
=========================

'C01', 'C02', 'C03', 'C04', 'C05', 'C06', 'C07', 'C08', 'C09', 'C10',
'C11', 'C12', 'S01', 'S02', 'S03', 'S04', 'S05', 'CSP', 'FORMFEED',
'TOP', 'CALL-CONVENTION'

E.3 System names: switch
========================

'SWITCH-0', 'SWITCH-1', 'SWITCH-2', 'SWITCH-3', 'SWITCH-4', 'SWITCH-5',
'SWITCH-6', 'SWITCH-7', 'SWITCH-8', 'SWITCH-9', 'SWITCH-10',
'SWITCH-11', 'SWITCH-12', 'SWITCH-13', 'SWITCH-14', 'SWITCH-15',
'SWITCH-16', 'SWITCH-17', 'SWITCH-18', 'SWITCH-19', 'SWITCH-20',
'SWITCH-21', 'SWITCH-22', 'SWITCH-23', 'SWITCH-24', 'SWITCH-25',
'SWITCH-26', 'SWITCH-27', 'SWITCH-28', 'SWITCH-29', 'SWITCH-30',
'SWITCH-31', 'SWITCH-32', 'SWITCH-33', 'SWITCH-34', 'SWITCH-35',
'SWITCH-36'


File: gnucobol.info,  Node: Appendix F,  Next: Appendix G,  Prev: Appendix E,  Up: Appendices

Appendix F Exception names
**************************

The following list of exception names was extracted from 'cobc
--list-exceptions' and shows the exception names and if those are fatal
(lead to a program abort).

   All of those can be activated and deactivated, both directly and at
group level, using '-fec'.


Exception Name                  
EC-ALL
  EC-ARGUMENT               
    EC-ARGUMENT-FUNCTION (f)
    EC-ARGUMENT-IMP
  EC-BOUND                  
    EC-BOUND-FUNC-RET-VALUE
    EC-BOUND-IMP
    EC-BOUND-ODO (f)
    EC-BOUND-OVERFLOW (f)
    EC-BOUND-PTR (f)
    EC-BOUND-REF-MOD (f)
    EC-BOUND-SET (f)
    EC-BOUND-SUBSCRIPT (f)
    EC-BOUND-TABLE-LIMIT (f)
  EC-CONTINUE               
    EC-CONTINUE-IMP
    EC-CONTINUE-LESS-THAN-ZERO
  EC-DATA                   
    EC-DATA-CONVERSION
    EC-DATA-IMP
    EC-DATA-INCOMPATIBLE (f)
    EC-DATA-NOT-FINITE (f)
    EC-DATA-OVERFLOW (f)
    EC-DATA-PTR-NULL (f)
  EC-EXTERNAL               
    EC-EXTERNAL-DATA-MISMATCH (f)
    EC-EXTERNAL-FILE-MISMATCH (f)
    EC-EXTERNAL-FORMAT-CONFLICT (f)
    EC-EXTERNAL-IMP
  EC-FLOW                   
    EC-FLOW-APPLY-COMMIT (f)
    EC-FLOW-COMMIT (f)
    EC-FLOW-GLOBAL-EXIT (f)
    EC-FLOW-GLOBAL-GOBACK (f)
    EC-FLOW-IMP
    EC-FLOW-RELEASE (f)
    EC-FLOW-REPORT (f)
    EC-FLOW-RETURN (f)
    EC-FLOW-ROLLBACK (f)
    EC-FLOW-SEARCH (f)
    EC-FLOW-USE (f)
  EC-FUNCTION               
    EC-FUNCTION-ARG-OMITTED (f)
    EC-FUNCTION-IMP
    EC-FUNCTION-NOT-FOUND (f)
    EC-FUNCTION-PTR-INVALID (f)
    EC-FUNCTION-PTR-NULL (f)
  EC-I-O                    
    EC-I-O-AT-END
    EC-I-O-EOP
    EC-I-O-EOP-OVERFLOW
    EC-I-O-FILE-SHARING
    EC-I-O-IMP
    EC-I-O-INVALID-KEY
    EC-I-O-LINAGE (f)
    EC-I-O-LOGIC-ERROR (f)
    EC-I-O-PERMANENT-ERROR (f)
    EC-I-O-RECORD-CONTENT (f)
    EC-I-O-RECORD-OPERATION
    EC-I-O-RECORD-WARNING
  EC-IMP                    
    EC-IMP-ACCEPT
    EC-IMP-DISPLAY
    EC-IMP-UTC-UNKNOWN (f)
    EC-IMP-FEATURE-DISABLED
    EC-IMP-FEATURE-MISSING
  EC-LOCALE                 
    EC-LOCALE-IMP
    EC-LOCALE-INCOMPATIBLE
    EC-LOCALE-INVALID (f)
    EC-LOCALE-INVALID-PTR (f)
    EC-LOCALE-MISSING (f)
    EC-LOCALE-SIZE (f)
  EC-MCS                    
    EC-MCS-ABNORMAL-TERMINATION
    EC-MCS-IMP
    EC-MCS-INVALID-TAG
    EC-MCS-MESSAGE-LENGTH
    EC-MCS-NO-REQUESTER
    EC-MCS-NO-SERVER
    EC-MCS-NORMAL-TERMINATION
    EC-MCS-REQUESTOR-FAILED
  EC-OO                     
    EC-OO-ARG-OMITTED (f)
    EC-OO-CONFORMANCE (f)
    EC-OO-EXCEPTION (f)
    EC-OO-IMP
    EC-OO-METHOD (f)
    EC-OO-NULL (f)
    EC-OO-RESOURCE (f)
    EC-OO-UNIVERSAL (f)
  EC-ORDER                  
    EC-ORDER-IMP
    EC-ORDER-NOT-SUPPORTED (f)
  EC-OVERFLOW               
    EC-OVERFLOW-IMP
    EC-OVERFLOW-STRING
    EC-OVERFLOW-UNSTRING
  EC-PROGRAM                
    EC-PROGRAM-ARG-MISMATCH (f)
    EC-PROGRAM-ARG-OMITTED (f)
    EC-PROGRAM-CANCEL-ACTIVE (f)
    EC-PROGRAM-IMP
    EC-PROGRAM-NOT-FOUND (f)
    EC-PROGRAM-PTR-NULL (f)
    EC-PROGRAM-RECURSIVE-CALL (f)
    EC-PROGRAM-RESOURCES (f)
  EC-RAISING                
    EC-RAISING-IMP
    EC-RAISING-NOT-SPECIFIED (f)
  EC-RANGE                  
    EC-RANGE-IMP
    EC-RANGE-INDEX (f)
    EC-RANGE-INSPECT-SIZE (f)
    EC-RANGE-INVALID
    EC-RANGE-PERFORM-VARYING (f)
    EC-RANGE-PTR (f)
    EC-RANGE-SEARCH-INDEX
    EC-RANGE-SEARCH-NO-MATCH
  EC-REPORT                 
    EC-REPORT-ACTIVE (f)
    EC-REPORT-COLUMN-OVERLAP (f)
    EC-REPORT-FILE-MODE (f)
    EC-REPORT-IMP
    EC-REPORT-INACTIVE (f)
    EC-REPORT-LINE-OVERLAP
    EC-REPORT-NOT-TERMINATED
    EC-REPORT-PAGE-LIMIT
    EC-REPORT-PAGE-WIDTH
    EC-REPORT-SUM-SIZE (f)
    EC-REPORT-VARYING (f)
  EC-SCREEN                 
    EC-SCREEN-FIELD-OVERLAP
    EC-SCREEN-IMP
    EC-SCREEN-ITEM-TRUNCATED
    EC-SCREEN-LINE-NUMBER
    EC-SCREEN-STARTING-COLUMN
  EC-SIZE                   
    EC-SIZE-ADDRESS (f)
    EC-SIZE-EXPONENTIATION (f)
    EC-SIZE-IMP
    EC-SIZE-OVERFLOW (f)
    EC-SIZE-TRUNCATION (f)
    EC-SIZE-UNDERFLOW (f)
    EC-SIZE-ZERO-DIVIDE (f)
  EC-SORT-MERGE             
    EC-SORT-MERGE-ACTIVE (f)
    EC-SORT-MERGE-FILE-OPEN (f)
    EC-SORT-MERGE-IMP
    EC-SORT-MERGE-RELEASE (f)
    EC-SORT-MERGE-RETURN (f)
    EC-SORT-MERGE-SEQUENCE (f)
  EC-STORAGE                
    EC-STORAGE-IMP
    EC-STORAGE-NOT-ALLOC
    EC-STORAGE-NOT-AVAIL
  EC-USER                   
  EC-VALIDATE               
    EC-VALIDATE-CONTENT
    EC-VALIDATE-FORMAT
    EC-VALIDATE-IMP
    EC-VALIDATE-RELATION
    EC-VALIDATE-VARYING (f)
  EC-XML                    
    EC-XML-CODESET (f)
    EC-XML-CODESET-CONVERSION (f)
    EC-XML-COUNT (f)
    EC-XML-DOCUMENT-TYPE (f)
    EC-XML-IMPLICIT-CLOSE (f)
    EC-XML-INVALID (f)
    EC-XML-NAMESPACE (f)
    EC-XML-STACKED-OPEN (f)
    EC-XML-RANGE (f)
    EC-XML-IMP (f)
  EC-JSON                   
    EC-JSON-IMP (f)



File: gnucobol.info,  Node: Appendix G,  Next: Appendix H,  Prev: Appendix F,  Up: Appendices

Appendix G Compiler Configuration
*********************************

The following list was extracted from 'config/default.conf'.



# Value: any string
name: "GnuCOBOL"

# Value: enum
standard-define			0
# NOTE: see enum cb_std_def, defined in cobc/cobc.h.
#        CB_STD_GC = 0,
#        CB_STD_MF,
#        CB_STD_IBM,
#        CB_STD_MVS,
#        CB_STD_BS2000,
#        CB_STD_ACU,
#        CB_STD_RM,
#        CB_STD_85,
#        CB_STD_2002,
#        CB_STD_2014

# Default source reference-format; values: FIXED, FREE, COBOL85,
# VARIABLE, XOPEN, XCARD, CRT, TERMINAL, COBOLX
format:				auto

# Value: int
tab-width:			8
text-column:			72
# Maximum word-length for COBOL words / Programmer defined words
# Be aware that GC checks the word length against COB_MAX_WORDLEN
# first (currently 63)
word-length:			63

# Maximum literal size in general
literal-length:			8191

# Maximum numeric literal size (absolute maximum: 38)
numeric-literal-length:		38

# Maximum number of characters allowed in the character-string (max. 255)
pic-length:			255

# Enable AREACHECK by default, for reference formats other than {fixed,free}
areacheck:			no

# Default assign type
# Value: 'dynamic', 'external'
assign-clause:			dynamic

# If yes, file names are resolved at run time using
# environment variables.
# For example, given ASSIGN TO "DATAFILE", the file name will be
#  1. the value of environment variable 'DD_DATAFILE' or
#  2. the value of environment variable 'dd_DATAFILE' or
#  3. the value of environment variable 'DATAFILE' or
#  4. the literal "DATAFILE"
# If no, the value of the assign clause is the file name.
#
filename-mapping:		yes

# Alternate formatting of numeric fields
pretty-display:			yes

# Allow complex OCCURS DEPENDING ON
complex-odo:			no

# Adjust position of items following OCCURS DEPENDING
odoslide:			no

# Allow REDEFINES to other than last equal level number
indirect-redefines:		no

# Binary byte size - defines the allocated bytes according to PIC
# Value:         signed  unsigned  bytes
#                ------  --------  -----
# '2-4-8'        1 -  4    same        2
#                5 -  9    same        4
#               10 - 18    same        8
#
# '1-2-4-8'      1 -  2    same        1
#                3 -  4    same        2
#                5 -  9    same        4
#               10 - 18    same        8
#
# '1--8'         1 -  2    1 -  2      1
#                3 -  4    3 -  4      2
#                5 -  6    5 -  7      3
#                7 -  9    8 -  9      4
#               10 - 11   10 - 12      5
#               12 - 14   13 - 14      6
#               15 - 16   15 - 16      7
#               17 - 18   17 - 18      8
#
binary-size:			1-2-4-8

# Numeric truncation according to ANSI
binary-truncate:		yes

# Binary byte order
# Value: 'native', 'big-endian'
binary-byteorder:		big-endian

# Allow larger REDEFINES items other than 01 non-external
larger-redefines:		error

# Allow certain syntax variations (eg. REDEFINES position)
relax-syntax-checks:		no

# Allow zero length reference-modification
# (only checked with active EC-BOUND-REF-MOD)
ref-mod-zero-length:		yes

# Perform type OSVS - If yes, the exit point of any currently
# executing perform is recognized if reached.
perform-osvs:			no

# Compute intermediate decimal results like IBM OSVS
arithmetic-osvs:		no

# MOVE like IBM (mvc); left to right, byte by byte
move-ibm:			no

# SELECT RELATIVE KEY and ASSIGN fields must be in WORKING-STORAGE
select-working:		no

# LOCAL-STORAGE SECTION implies RECURSIVE attribute
local-implies-recursive:		no

# If yes, LINKAGE SECTION items remain allocated
# between invocations.
sticky-linkage:			no

# If yes, allow non-matching level numbers
relax-level-hierarchy:		no

# If yes, evaluate constant expressions at compile time
constant-folding:		yes

# Allow Hex 'F' for NUMERIC test of signed PACKED DECIMAL field
hostsign:			no

# If yes, set WITH UPDATE clause as default for ACCEPT dest-item,
# except if WITH NO UPDATE clause is used
accept-update:			no

# If yes, set WITH AUTO clause as default for ACCEPT dest-item,
# except if WITH TAB clause is used
accept-auto:			no

# If yes, DISPLAYs and ACCEPTs are, by default, done on the CRT (i.e., using
# curses).
console-is-crt:			no

# If yes, allow redefinition of the current program's name. This prevents its
# use in a prototype-format CALL/CANCEL statement.
program-name-redefinition:	yes

# If yes, NO ECHO/NO-ECHO/OFF is the same as SECURE (hiding input with
# asterisks, not spaces).
no-echo-means-secure:		no

# If yes, the first item in a field screen ACCEPT/DISPLAY (e.g. DISPLAY x UPON
# CRT) is located after the previous ACCEPT/DISPLAY (as though LINE 0 COL 0 had
# been specified).
line-col-zero-default:		yes

# If yes, DISPLAY SPACES acts as ERASE EOS, DISPLAY X"01" acts as ERASE EOL,
# DISPLAY X"02" acts as BLANK SCREEEN and DISPLAY X"07" acts as BELL. Note
# DISPLAY LOW-VALUE is excluded from this; it will always just position the
# cursor.
display-special-fig-consts:	no

# If yes, COMP-1 is a signed 16-bit integer and any PICTURE clause is ignored.
binary-comp-1:			no

# If yes, POINTER is handled as BINARY-DOUBLE UNSIGNED instead of its own class
numeric-pointer:		no

# auto-adjust to zero like MicroFocus does
move-non-numeric-lit-to-numeric-is-zero: no

# If yes, implicitly define a variable for an ASSIGN DYNAMIC which does not
# match an existing data item.
implicit-assign-dynamic-var:	yes

# If yes, ACCEPT and DISPLAY statements accept device names using mnemonics
device-mnemonics:			no

# full clauses in XML PARSE - and adjusted XML-EVENTs
xml-parse-xmlss:		yes

# What rules to apply to SCREEN SECTION items clauses
screen-section-rules:		gc

# Whether DECIMAL-POINT IS COMMA has effect in XML/JSON GENERATE
dpc-in-data:			xml

# Bounds against which to check subscripts (full, max, record)
subscript-check:		full

# Functionality of JUSTIFY for INITIALIZE verb and initialization of storage
init-justify:		no

# Dialect features
# Value: 'ok', 'warning', 'archaic', 'obsolete', 'skip', 'ignore', 'error',
#        'unconformable'

alter-statement:			obsolete
comment-paragraphs:			obsolete
control-division:			unconformable
partial-replace-when-literal-src:	obsolete
call-overflow:				archaic
data-records-clause:			obsolete
debugging-mode:				ok
use-for-debugging:			ok
listing-statements:			skip	# may be a user-defined word
title-statement:			skip	# may be a user-defined word
entry-statement:			ok
goto-statement-without-name:		obsolete
label-records-clause:			obsolete
memory-size-clause:			obsolete
move-noninteger-to-alphanumeric:	error
move-figurative-constant-to-numeric:	archaic
move-figurative-space-to-numeric:	error
move-figurative-quote-to-numeric:	obsolete
multiple-file-tape-clause:		obsolete
next-sentence-phrase:			archaic
odo-without-to:				warning
padding-character-clause:		obsolete
section-segments:			ignore
stop-literal-statement:			obsolete
stop-identifier-statement:		obsolete
stop-error-statement:			unconformable
same-as-clause:				ok
type-to-clause:				ok
usage-type:					ok
synchronized-clause:			ok
sync-left-right:			ok	
special-names-clause:			ok
top-level-occurs-clause:		ok
value-of-clause:			obsolete
numeric-boolean:			ok
hexadecimal-boolean:			ok
national-literals:			ok
hexadecimal-national-literals:		ok
national-character-literals:		warning

acu-literals:				unconformable
hp-octal-literals:			unconformable
ebcdic-symbolic-characters:		no
word-continuation:			warning
not-exception-before-exception:		ok
accept-display-extensions:		ok
renames-uncommon-levels:		ok
symbolic-constant:			ok
constant-78:				ok
constant-01:				ok
perform-varying-without-by:		ok
reference-out-of-declaratives:		warning
program-prototypes:			ok
call-convention-mnemonic:		ok
call-convention-linkage:		ok
using-optional:		ok
numeric-value-for-edited-item:		ok
incorrect-conf-sec-order:		ok
define-constant-directive:		archaic
free-redefines-position:		warning
records-mismatch-record-clause	warning
record-delimiter:			ok
sequential-delimiters:			ok
record-delim-with-fixed-recs:		ok
missing-statement:			warning
missing-period:				warning #when format not in {fixed,free}
zero-length-literals:			ok
xml-generate-extra-phrases:		ok
continue-after:				ok
goto-entry:				warning
assign-variable:			ok
assign-using-variable:			ok
assign-ext-dyn:				ok
assign-disk-from:			ok
vsam-status:				ignore
self-call-recursive:		warning
record-contains-depending-clause:	unconformable
defaultbyte:		init	# GC inits as INITIALIZE ALL TO VALUE THEN TO DEFAULT,
            		    	# with INDEXED BY variables initialized to 1
picture-l:				ok

# use complete word list; synonyms and exceptions are specified below
reserved-words:		default

# not-reserved:
# Value: Word to be taken out of the reserved words list
not-reserved:	TERMINAL
not-reserved:	EXAMINE
# reserved:
#   Entries of the form word-1=word-2 define word-1 as an alias for default
# reserved word word-2. No spaces are allowed around the equal sign.
reserved:	AUTO-SKIP=AUTO
reserved:	AUTOTERMINATE=AUTO
reserved:	BACKGROUND-COLOUR=BACKGROUND-COLOR
reserved:	BEEP=BELL
reserved:	BINARY-INT=BINARY-LONG
reserved:	BINARY-LONG-LONG=BINARY-DOUBLE
reserved:	CELLS=CELL
reserved:	COLOURS=COLORS
reserved:	EMPTY-CHECK=REQUIRED
reserved:	EQUALS=EQUAL
reserved:	FOREGROUND-COLOUR=FOREGROUND-COLOR
reserved:	HIGH-VALUES=HIGH-VALUE
reserved:	INITIALISE=INITIALIZE
reserved:	INITIALISED=INITIALIZED
reserved:	LENGTH-CHECK=FULL
reserved:	LOW-VALUES=LOW-VALUE
reserved:	ORGANISATION=ORGANIZATION
reserved:	PIXELS=PIXEL
reserved:	SYNCHRONISED=SYNCHRONIZED
reserved:	TIMEOUT=TIME-OUT
reserved:	ZEROES=ZERO
reserved:	ZEROS=ZERO


File: gnucobol.info,  Node: Appendix H,  Next: Appendix I,  Prev: Appendix G,  Up: Appendices

Appendix H Module loader 'cobcrun' options
******************************************

The following list of options was extracted from 'cobcrun --help' and
shows all available options for the module loader with a short
description.

'-h, --help'
     display this help and exit
'-V, --version'
     display version information for cobcrun + runtime and exit
'-dumpversion'
     display runtime version and exit
'-i, --info'
     display runtime information (build/environment)
'-v, --verbose'
     display extended output with -info
'-c FILE, --config=FILE'
     set runtime configuration from FILE
'-r, --runtime-config'
     display current runtime configuration (value and origin for all
     settings)
'-M MODULE, --module=MODULE'
     set entry point module name and/or load path where '-M' module
     prepends any directory to the dynamic link loader library search
     path and any basename to the module preload list
     ('COB_LIBRARY_PATH' and/or 'COB_PRELOAD')


File: gnucobol.info,  Node: Appendix I,  Next: Appendix J,  Prev: Appendix H,  Up: Appendices

Appendix I Runtime configuration
********************************

The following list was extracted from 'config/runtime.cfg'.

I.1 General instructions
========================

The initial 'runtime.cfg' file is found in the '$COB_CONFIG_DIR' , which
defaults to installdir/gnucobol/config (see 'cobcrun --info' for the
local path that is configured).  The environment variable
'COB_RUNTIME_CONFIG' may define a different runtime configuration file
to read.

   If settings are included in the runtime environment file multiple
times then the last setting value is used, no warning occurs.

   Settings via environment variables always take precedence over
settings that are given in runtime configuration files.  And the
environment is checked after completing processing of the runtime
configuration file(s)

   All values set to string variables or environment variables are
checked for ${envvar} and replacement is done at the time of the
setting.  You can also specify a default value for the case that envvar
is not set: '${envvar:default}' (the format '${envvar:-default}' is
supported, too).

   Any environment variable may be set with the directive 'setenv' .
Example
     'setenv COB_LIBARAY_PATH ${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}'

   Any environment variable may be unset with the directive 'unsetenv'
(one var per line).
Example
     'unsetenv COB_LIBRARY_PATH'

   Runtime configuration files can 'include 'other files with the
directive 'include ' .
Example
     'include my-runtime-configuration-file'

   To 'include 'another configuration file only if it is present use the
directive 'includeif' .  You can also use ${envvar} inside this.
Example
     'includeif ${HOME}/mygc.cfg'

   If you want to reset a parameter to its default value use 'reset
parametername' .

   Most runtime variables have boolean values, some are switches, some
have string values, integer values (if not explicit noted: unsigned) and
some are size values.  The boolean values will be evaluated as
following: to true:	'1', 'Y', O'N', 'YES', 'TRUE' (no matter of case) to
false:	'0', 'N', 'OFF'.

   A 'size' value is an unsigned integer optionally followed by 'K',
'M', or 'G' for 'kilo', 'mega' or 'giga'.

   For convenience a parameter in the 'runtime.cfg' file may be defined
by using either the environment variable name or the parameter name.  In
most cases the environment variable name is the parameter name (in upper
case) with the prefix 'COB_' .

   For a complete list of the settings in use see 'cobcrun
--runtime-config' .

   Note: If you want to slightly speed up a program's startup time,
remove all of the comments from the actual real configuration file that
is processed.

I.2 General environment
=======================




Environment name:  COB_DISABLE_WARNINGS
  Parameter name:  disable_warnings
         Purpose:  turn off runtime warning messages
            Type:  boolean
         Default:  false
         Example:  DISABLE_WARNINGS  TRUE

Environment name:  COB_ENV_MANGLE
  Parameter name:  env_mangle
         Purpose:  names checked in the environment would get non alphanumeric
                   change to '_'
            Type:  boolean
         Default:  false
         Example:  ENV_MANGLE  TRUE

Environment name:  COB_SET_DEBUG
  Parameter name:  debugging_mode
         Purpose:  to enable USE ON DEBUGGING procedures that were active
                   during compile-time because of WITH DEBUGGING MODE,
                   otherwise the code generated will be skipped
            Type:  boolean
         Default:  false
         Example:  COB_SET_DEBUG  1

Environment name:  COB_SET_TRACE
  Parameter name:  set_trace
         Purpose:  to enable COBOL trace feature
            Type:  boolean
         Default:  false
         Example:  SET_TRACE  TRUE

Environment name:  COB_TRACE_FILE
  Parameter name:  trace_file
         Purpose:  to define where COBOL trace output should go
            Type:  string       : $$ is replaced by process id
            Note:  file is opened for append if name starts with "+"
         Default:  stderr
         Example:  TRACE_FILE  ${HOME}/mytrace.$$

Environment name:  COB_TRACE_FORMAT
  Parameter name:  trace_format
         Purpose:  to define format of COBOL trace output
            Type:  string
         Default:  "%P %S Line: %L"
                   %P is replaced by Program-Id/Function-Id minimal length 29
                      with prefix
                   %I is replaced by Program-Id/Function-Id variable length,
                      without prefix
                   %L is replaced by Line number, right justified, length 6
                   %S is replaced by statement type and name
                   %F is replaced by source file name 
         Example:  TRACE_FORMAT  "Line: %L %S"
            Note:  format of GC2.2 and older:
                   "PROGRAM-ID: %I 	Line: %L 	%S"

Environment name:  COB_CORE_ON_ERROR
  Parameter name:  core_on_error
         Purpose:  to enable operating system handling of signals and to
                   raise an ABORT signal on runtime error instead of the
                   default error handling, which will commonly kill the
                   process after creating a coredump
            Type:  0   means catching all default signals and do full
                       internal error handling as done in versions pre 3.2
                       along with full internal handling of COBOL runtime
                       errors
                   1   means to forward any signals; whatever happens
                       by means of system signal handers will happen,
                       which may include creating coredumps and killing
                       the process before libcob does any cleanup; preserve
                       full internal handling of COBOL runtime errors
                   2   is identical to 1, but on runtime errors explicit
                       raises SIGABRT after displaying it along with the  
                       stacktrace and after doing minimal cleanup
                   3   similar to 2, but instead of raising SIGABRT execute
                       "gcore -a -o NAME $$" (where $$ is the process id and
                       NAME is specified by COB_CORE_FILENAME) as early as
                       possible before doing the normal internal error
                       handling; if the command does not work or if a signal
                       handler was executed before a SIGABRT is raised
         Default:  0
         Example:  core_on_error 3
            Note:  If the operating system kills the process as part of the
                   signal handling no COBOL centric dump will be created and
                   no cleanup will be done either.
                   When catching a signal (for example 11) it will be
                   returned as exit code of the process, the generated
                   coredumps store the reason for the error in the variable
                   "runtime_err_str".

Environment name:  COB_CORE_FILENAME
  Parameter name:  core_filename
         Purpose:  to adjust the default name or specify a folder for a
                   COB_CORE_ON_ERROR=3 generated coredump
            Type:  string
         Default:  ./core.libcob
         Example:  core_filename /home/me/SomeApp.core

Environment name:  COB_STACKTRACE
  Parameter name:  stracktrace
         Purpose:  to disable stracktrace creation on abort
            Type:  boolean
         Default:  true
         Example:  STRACKTRACE  no

Environment name:  COB_DUMP_FILE
  Parameter name:  dump_file
         Purpose:  to define where COBOL dump output should go
            Note:  the -fdump=all compile option prepares for dump;
                   file is opened for append if name starts with "+";
                   may be disabled by setting it to "NONE"
            Type:  string       : $$ is replaced by process id
         Default:  stderr
         Example:  DUMP_FILE  ${HOME}/mytrace.log

Environment name:  COB_DUMP_WIDTH
  Parameter name:  dump_width
         Purpose:  to define COBOL dump line length
            Type:  integer
         Default:  100
         Example:  dump_width 120

Environment name:  COB_CURRENT_DATE
  Parameter name:  current_date
         Purpose:  specify an alternate Date/Time to be returned to ACCEPT
                   statement; this is used for testing purposes or to tweak
                   a missing offset, partial setting is allowed
            Type:  numeric string in format YYYYDDMMHHMISS or date string
                   or seconds since the epoch as @SSSSSSSS
         Default:  the operating system date is used
         Example:  COB_CURRENT_DATE "2026/03/16 16:40:52"
                   current_date YYYYMMDDHHMMSS+01:00


@section Call environment
@verbatim


Environment name:  COB_LIBRARY_PATH
  Parameter name:  library_path
         Purpose:  paths for dynamically-loadable modules
            Type:  string
            Note:  the default paths .:/installpath/extras are always
                   added to the given paths
         Example:  LIBRARY_PATH    /opt/myapp/test:/opt/myapp/production

Environment name:  COB_PRE_LOAD
  Parameter name:  pre_load
         Purpose:  modules that are loaded during startup, can be used
                   to CALL COBOL programs or C functions that are part
                   of a module library
            Type:  string
            Note:  the modules listed should NOT include extensions, the
                   runtime will use the right ones on the various platforms,
                   COB_LIBRARY_PATH is used to locate the modules
         Example:  PRE_LOAD      COBOL_function_library:external_c_library

Environment name:  COB_LOAD_CASE
  Parameter name:  load_case
         Purpose:  resolve ALL called program names to UPPER or LOWER case
            Type:  Only use  UPPER  or  LOWER
         Default:  if not set program names in CALL are case sensitive
         Example:  LOAD_CASE  UPPER

Environment name:  COB_PHYSICAL_CANCEL
  Parameter name:  physical_cancel
         Purpose:  physically unload a dynamically-loadable module on CANCEL,
                   this frees some RAM and allows the change of modules during
                   run-time but needs more time to resolve CALLs (both to
                   active and not-active programs)
           Alias:  default_cancel_mode, LOGICAL_CANCELS (0 = yes)
            Type:  TRUE/YES/1  unload module on CANCEL
                   FALSE/NO/0  unload module on STOP RUN only
                   NEVER       never unload module, only useful for profilers
                               and tracing tools that do a post-mortem lookup
                               of function address
         Default:  false
         Example:  PHYSICAL_CANCEL  TRUE



I.3 File I/O
============



Environment name:  COB_VARSEQ_FORMAT
  Parameter name:  varseq_format
         Purpose:  declare format used for variable length sequential files 
                   - different types and lengths precede each record
                   - 'length' is the data length, does not include the prefix
            Type:  0   means 2 byte record length (big-endian) + 2 NULs
                   1   means 4 byte record length (big-endian)
                   2   means 4 byte record length (local machine int)
                   3   means 2 byte record length (big-endian)
         Default:  0
         Example:  VARSEQ_FORMAT 1

Environment name:  COB_FILE_PATH
  Parameter name:  file_path
         Purpose:  define default location where data files are stored
            Type:  file path directory
         Default:  .  (current directory)
         Example:  FILE_PATH ${HOME}/mydata

Environment name:  COB_LS_FIXED
  Parameter name:  ls_fixed
         Purpose:  Defines if LINE SEQUENTIAL files should be fixed length
                   (or variable, by removing trailing spaces)
           Alias:  STRIP_TRAILING_SPACES  (0 = yes)
            Type:  boolean
         Default:  false
            Note:  This setting is most useful if you want to REWRITE those
                   files.
         Example:  LS_FIXED TRUE

Environment name:  COB_LS_VALIDATE
  Parameter name:  ls_validate
         Purpose:  Defines for LINE SEQUENTIAL files that the data should be
                   validated as it is read (status 09) / written (status 71).
            Type:  boolean
         Default:  true (per COBOL 2022)
            Note:  If active effectively disables COB_LS_NULLS.
         Example:  LS_VALIDATE FALSE

Environment name:  COB_LS_NULLS
  Parameter name:  ls_nulls
         Purpose:  Defines for LINE SEQUENTIAL files what to do with data
                   which is not DISPLAY type.  This could happen if a LINE
                   SEQUENTIAL record has BINARY/COMP data fields in it.
            Type:  boolean
         Default:  false
            Note:  The TRUE setting will insert a null character x"00" before
                   those values to escape them, and redo on read-in plus
                   validating that they only occur after a null character.
                   Decreases LINE SEQUENTIAL performance and prevents writing
                   escape sequences or formatting within the data.
                   Only checked if COB_LS_VALIDATE is disabled.
         Example:  LS_NULL = TRUE

Environment name:  COB_LS_SPLIT
  Parameter name:  ls_split
         Purpose:  Defines for LINE SEQUENTIAL files what to do when a record
                   is longer than the program handles. If 'ls_split=true' then
                   the data is returned as multiple records with io status 06,
                   otherwise the record is truncated, io status set to 04 and
                   the file skips to the next LF.
            Type:  boolean
         Default:  true (per COBOL 2022)
         Example:  LS_SPLIT = FALSE

Environment name:  COB_SYNC
  Parameter name:  sync
         Purpose:  Should the file be synced to disk after each write/update
            Type:  boolean
         Default:  false
         Example:  SYNC: TRUE

Environment name:  COB_SORT_MEMORY
  Parameter name:  sort_memory
         Purpose:  Defines how much RAM to assign for sorting data
                   if this size is exceeded the  SORT  will be done
                   on disk instead of memory
            Type:  size  but must be more than 1M
         Default:  128M
         Example:  SORT_MEMORY 64M

Environment name:  COB_SORT_CHUNK
  Parameter name:  sort_chunk
         Purpose:  Defines how much RAM to assign for sorting data in chunks
            Type:  size  but must be within 128K and 16M
         Default:  256K
         Example:  SORT_CHUNK 1M

Environment name:  COB_SEQ_CONCAT_NAME
  Parameter name:  seq_concat_name
         Purpose:  Does DD_asgname hold multiple input file names
            Type:  boolean
         Default:  false
         Example:  seq_concat_name = true

Environment name:  COB_SEQ_CONCAT_SEP
  Parameter name:  seq_concat_sep
         Purpose:  Character separating file names
            Type:  char
         Default:  +
         Example:  seq_concat_name = '&'



I.4 Screen I/O
==============



Environment name:  COB_BELL
  Parameter name:  bell
         Purpose:  Defines how a request for the screen to beep is handled
            Type:  FLASH, SPEAKER, FALSE, BEEP
         Default:  BEEP
         Example:  BELL SPEAKER

Environment name:  COB_REDIRECT_DISPLAY
  Parameter name:  redirect_display
         Purpose:  Defines if DISPLAY output should be sent to 'stderr'
            Type:  boolean
         Default:  false
         Example:  redirect_display Yes

Environment name:  COB_SCREEN_ESC
  Parameter name:  screen_esc
         Purpose:  Enable handling of ESC key during ACCEPT
            Type:  boolean
         Default:  false
            Note:  is only evaluated if COB_SCREEN_EXCEPTIONS is active
         Example:  screen_esc Yes

Environment name:  COB_SCREEN_EXCEPTIONS
  Parameter name:  screen_exceptions
         Purpose:  enable exceptions for function keys during ACCEPT
            Type:  boolean
         Default:  false
         Example:  screen_exceptions Yes

Environment name:  COB_TIMEOUT_SCALE
  Parameter name:  timeout_scale
         Purpose:  specify translation in milliseconds for ACCEPT clauses
                   BEFORE TIME value / AFTER TIMEOUT
            Type:  integer
                   0 means 1000 (Micro Focus COBOL compatible), 1 means 100
                   (ACUCOBOL compatible), 2 means 10, 3 means 1
         Default:  0
            Note:  the minimum and possible maximum value depend on the
                   screenio library used
         Example:  timeout_scale 3

Environment name:  COB_INSERT_MODE
  Parameter name:  insert_mode
         Purpose:  specify default insert mode for ACCEPT; 0=off, 1=on
            Type:  boolean
         Default:  false
            Note:  also sets the cursor type (if available)
         Example:  insert_mode Y

Environment name:  COB_MOUSE_FLAGS
  Parameter name:  mouse_flags
         Purpose:  specify which mouse events will be sent as function key
                   to the application during ACCEPT and how they will be
                   handled
            Type:  int (by bits)
         Default:  1
            Note:  0 disables the mouse cursor, any other value enables it,
                   any value containing 1 will enable internal handling (click
                   to position, double-click to enter).
                   See copy/screenio.cpy for list of events and their values.
           Alias:  MOUSE_FLAGS
         Example:  11 (enable internal handling => 1, left press => 2,
                       double-click => 8; 1+2+8=11)

Environment name:  COB_MOUSE_INTERVAL
  Parameter name:  mouse_interval
         Purpose:  specifies the maximum time (in thousands of a second)
                   that can elapse between press and release events for them
                   to be recognized as a click.
            Type:  int (0 - 166)
         Default:  100
            Note:  0 disables the click resolution (instead press + release
                   are recognized), also disables positioning by mouse click

Environment name:  COB_DISPLAY_PRINT_PIPE
  Parameter name:  display_print_pipe
         Purpose:  Defines command line used for sending output of
                   DISPLAY UPON PRINTER to (via pipe)
                   This is very similar to Micro Focus COBPRINTER
            Note:  Each executed DISPLAY UPON PRINTER statement causes a
                   new invocation of command-line (= new process start).
                   Each invocation receives the data referenced in
                   the DISPLAY statement and is followed by an
                   end-of-file condition.
                   COB_DISPLAY_PRINT_FILE, if set, takes precedence
                   over COB_DISPLAY_PRINT_PIPE.
           Alias:  COBPRINTER
            Type:  string
         Default:  not set
         Example:  print 'cat >>/tmp/myprt.log'

Environment name:  COB_DISPLAY_PRINT_FILE
  Parameter name:  display_print_file
         Purpose:  Defines file to be appended to by DISPLAY UPON PRINTER
            Note:  Each DISPLAY UPON PRINTER opens, appends and closes the file.
            Type:  string       : $$ is replaced by process id
         Default:  not set
         Example:  display_printer '/tmp/myprt.log'

Environment name:  COB_DISPLAY_PUNCH_FILE
  Parameter name:  display_punch_file
         Purpose:  Defines file to be created on first
                   DISPLAY UPON SYSPUNCH/SYSPCH
            Note:  The file will be only be closed on runtime exit.
            Type:  string       : $$ is replaced by process id
         Default:  not set
         Example:  display_punch './punch_$$.out'

Environment name:  COB_LEGACY
  Parameter name:  legacy
         Purpose:  keep behavior of former runtime versions, currently only
                   for setting screen attributes for non input fields and
                   disabling blinking on some systems
            Type:  boolean
         Default:  not set
         Example:  legacy true

Environment name:  COB_EXIT_WAIT
  Parameter name:  exit_wait
         Purpose:  to wait on main program exit if an extended screenio
                   DISPLAY was issued without an ACCEPT following
            Type:  boolean
         Default:  true
         Example:  COB_EXIT_WAIT off

Environment name:  COB_EXIT_MSG
  Parameter name:  exit_msg
         Purpose:  string to display if COB_EXIT_WAIT is processed, set to ''
                   if no actual display but an ACCEPT should be done
            Type:  string
         Default:  'end of program, please press a key to exit' (localized)
         Example:  COB_EXIT_MSG ''



I.5 Report I/O
==============



Environment name:  COB_COL_JUST_LRC
  Parameter name:  col_just_lrc
         Purpose:  If true, then COLUMN defined as LEFT, RIGHT or CENTER
                   will have the data justified within the field limits
                   If false, then the data is just copied into the column as is
            Type:  boolean
         Default:  TRUE
         Example:  col_just_lrc True


File: gnucobol.info,  Node: Appendix J,  Prev: Appendix I,  Up: Appendices

Appendix J GNU Free Documentation License
*****************************************

                     Version 1.3, 3 November 2008

     Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
     <https://fsf.org/>

     Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
     of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.

  0. PREAMBLE

     The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
     functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to
     assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
     with or without modifying it, either commercially or
     noncommercially.  Secondarily, this License preserves for the
     author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not
     being considered responsible for modifications made by others.

     This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative
     works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense.
     It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
     license designed for free software.

     We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for
     free software, because free software needs free documentation: a
     free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms
     that the software does.  But this License is not limited to
     software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regardless
     of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book.  We
     recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is
     instruction or reference.

  1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS

     This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium,
     that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can
     be distributed under the terms of this License.  Such a notice
     grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration,
     to use that work under the conditions stated herein.  The
     "Document", below, refers to any such manual or work.  Any member
     of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as "you".  You accept
     the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work in a way
     requiring permission under copyright law.

     A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the
     Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
     modifications and/or translated into another language.

     A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section
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     publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall
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     The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose
     titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the
     notice that says that the Document is released under this License.
     If a section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it
     is not allowed to be designated as Invariant.  The Document may
     contain zero Invariant Sections.  If the Document does not identify
     any Invariant Sections then there are none.

     The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are
     listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice
     that says that the Document is released under this License.  A
     Front-Cover Text may be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may
     be at most 25 words.

     A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
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     Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
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     Examples of transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG.
     Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be read and
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     The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
     plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the
     material this License requires to appear in the title page.  For
     works in formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title
     Page" means the text near the most prominent appearance of the
     work's title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text.

     The "publisher" means any person or entity that distributes copies
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     A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document
     whose title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses
     following text that translates XYZ in another language.  (Here XYZ
     stands for a specific section name mentioned below, such as
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     To "Preserve the Title" of such a section when you modify the
     Document means that it remains a section "Entitled XYZ" according
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     The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice
     which states that this License applies to the Document.  These
     Warranty Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in
     this License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
     implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and
     has no effect on the meaning of this License.

  2. VERBATIM COPYING

     You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
     commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
     copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License
     applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you
     add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this License.  You
     may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading
     or further copying of the copies you make or distribute.  However,
     you may accept compensation in exchange for copies.  If you
     distribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow the
     conditions in section 3.

     You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above,
     and you may publicly display copies.

  3. COPYING IN QUANTITY

     If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly
     have printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and
     the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must
     enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all
     these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and
     Back-Cover Texts on the back cover.  Both covers must also clearly
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     front cover must present the full title with all words of the title
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     covers in addition.  Copying with changes limited to the covers, as
     long as they preserve the title of the Document and satisfy these
     conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other respects.

     If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
     legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
     reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto
     adjacent pages.

     If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document
     numbering more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable
     Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with
     each Opaque copy a computer-network location from which the general
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     reasonably prudent steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque
     copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent copy will
     remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one
     year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or
     through your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public.

     It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of
     the Document well before redistributing any large number of copies,
     to give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the
     Document.

  4. MODIFICATIONS

     You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document
     under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you
     release the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the
     Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing
     distribution and modification of the Modified Version to whoever
     possesses a copy of it.  In addition, you must do these things in
     the Modified Version:

       A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title
          distinct from that of the Document, and from those of previous
          versions (which should, if there were any, be listed in the
          History section of the Document).  You may use the same title
          as a previous version if the original publisher of that
          version gives permission.

       B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or
          entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in
          the Modified Version, together with at least five of the
          principal authors of the Document (all of its principal
          authors, if it has fewer than five), unless they release you
          from this requirement.

       C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
          Modified Version, as the publisher.

       D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.

       E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
          adjacent to the other copyright notices.

       F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license
          notice giving the public permission to use the Modified
          Version under the terms of this License, in the form shown in
          the Addendum below.

       G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant
          Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document's
          license notice.

       H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.

       I. Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title,
          and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new
          authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the
          Title Page.  If there is no section Entitled "History" in the
          Document, create one stating the title, year, authors, and
          publisher of the Document as given on its Title Page, then add
          an item describing the Modified Version as stated in the
          previous sentence.

       J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document
          for public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and
          likewise the network locations given in the Document for
          previous versions it was based on.  These may be placed in the
          "History" section.  You may omit a network location for a work
          that was published at least four years before the Document
          itself, or if the original publisher of the version it refers
          to gives permission.

       K. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications",
          Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section
          all the substance and tone of each of the contributor
          acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein.

       L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered
          in their text and in their titles.  Section numbers or the
          equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.

       M. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements".  Such a section
          may not be included in the Modified Version.

       N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled
          "Endorsements" or to conflict in title with any Invariant
          Section.

       O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.

     If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
     appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no
     material copied from the Document, you may at your option designate
     some or all of these sections as invariant.  To do this, add their
     titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's
     license notice.  These titles must be distinct from any other
     section titles.

     You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains
     nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
     parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text
     has been approved by an organization as the authoritative
     definition of a standard.

     You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text,
     and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of
     the list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version.  Only one passage
     of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
     through arrangements made by) any one entity.  If the Document
     already includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added
     by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on
     behalf of, you may not add another; but you may replace the old
     one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher that added
     the old one.

     The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this
     License give permission to use their names for publicity for or to
     assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version.

  5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS

     You may combine the Document with other documents released under
     this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for
     modified versions, provided that you include in the combination all
     of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents,
     unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your
     combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all
     their Warranty Disclaimers.

     The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
     multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
     copy.  If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name
     but different contents, make the title of each such section unique
     by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the
     original author or publisher of that section if known, or else a
     unique number.  Make the same adjustment to the section titles in
     the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the
     combined work.

     In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled
     "History" in the various original documents, forming one section
     Entitled "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled
     "Acknowledgements", and any sections Entitled "Dedications".  You
     must delete all sections Entitled "Endorsements."

  6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS

     You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other
     documents released under this License, and replace the individual
     copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy
     that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the
     rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents
     in all other respects.

     You may extract a single document from such a collection, and
     distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert
     a copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this
     License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that
     document.

  7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS

     A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other
     separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a
     storage or distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the
     copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the
     legal rights of the compilation's users beyond what the individual
     works permit.  When the Document is included in an aggregate, this
     License does not apply to the other works in the aggregate which
     are not themselves derivative works of the Document.

     If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
     copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half
     of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed
     on covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
     electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic
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  8. TRANSLATION

     Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
     distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section
     4.  Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
     permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
     translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
     original versions of these Invariant Sections.  You may include a
     translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
     Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also
     include the original English version of this License and the
     original versions of those notices and disclaimers.  In case of a
     disagreement between the translation and the original version of
     this License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will
     prevail.

     If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements",
     "Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to
     Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the
     actual title.

  9. TERMINATION

     You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document
     except as expressly provided under this License.  Any attempt
     otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void,
     and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.

     However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your
     license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a)
     provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and
     finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the
     copyright holder fails to notify you of the violation by some
     reasonable means prior to 60 days after the cessation.

     Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
     reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
     violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
     received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from
     that copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days
     after your receipt of the notice.

     Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate
     the licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you
     under this License.  If your rights have been terminated and not
     permanently reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the
     same material does not give you any rights to use it.

  10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE

     The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of
     the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time.  Such new
     versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
     differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.  See
     <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

     Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version
     number.  If the Document specifies that a particular numbered
     version of this License "or any later version" applies to it, you
     have the option of following the terms and conditions either of
     that specified version or of any later version that has been
     published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.  If the
     Document does not specify a version number of this License, you may
     choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free
     Software Foundation.  If the Document specifies that a proxy can
     decide which future versions of this License can be used, that
     proxy's public statement of acceptance of a version permanently
     authorizes you to choose that version for the Document.

  11. RELICENSING

     "Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site" (or "MMC Site") means any
     World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also
     provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works.  A
     public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a server.
     A "Massive Multiauthor Collaboration" (or "MMC") contained in the
     site means any set of copyrightable works thus published on the MMC
     site.

     "CC-BY-SA" means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
     license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit
     corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco,
     California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license
     published by that same organization.

     "Incorporate" means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or
     in part, as part of another Document.

     An MMC is "eligible for relicensing" if it is licensed under this
     License, and if all works that were first published under this
     License somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently
     incorporated in whole or in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover
     texts or invariant sections, and (2) were thus incorporated prior
     to November 1, 2008.

     The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the
     site under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1,
     2009, provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing.

ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
====================================================

To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
the License in the document and put the following copyright and license
notices just after the title page:

       Copyright (C)  YEAR  YOUR NAME.
       Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
       under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
       or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
       with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover
       Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
       Free Documentation License''.

   If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover
Texts, replace the "with...Texts." line with this:

         with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with
         the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts
         being LIST.

   If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
situation.

   If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free
software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit
their use in free software.



Tag Table:
Node: Top1119
Node: Getting started4800
Node: Hello world!4978
Node: Compile6414
Node: Compiler options6772
Node: Help options7516
Ref: Help options-Footnote-19448
Node: Build target9492
Ref: Build target-Footnote-112403
Node: Source format12456
Ref: Source format-Footnote-116163
Node: Warning options16237
Node: Configuration options20990
Node: Listing options24493
Node: Debug switches29281
Node: Miscellaneous30640
Node: Multiple sources31422
Node: Static linking32062
Node: Dynamic linking33537
Ref: Dynamic linking-Footnote-135147
Ref: Dynamic linking-Footnote-235208
Node: Building library35269
Node: Using library35652
Node: C interface36223
Node: Main C program36628
Node: Static C to COBOL38214
Node: Dynamic C to COBOL40279
Node: Static COBOL to C44733
Node: Dynamic COBOL to C46267
Node: Interface functions for C47116
Node: Loading translation tables48681
Node: Customize49269
Node: Customizing compiler49493
Node: Customizing library50061
Node: Optimize50821
Node: Optimize options51124
Node: Optimize call52023
Node: Optimize binary52403
Node: Debug52979
Node: Debug options53327
Node: Debugger53789
Node: Memory Dumps54413
Node: Core Dumps54810
Ref: Core Dumps-Footnote-155355
Node: Trace55424
Node: Extensions55620
Node: SELECT56212
Node: Indexed56963
Node: Extended ACCEPT57143
Node: ACCEPT special61326
Node: Extended DISPLAY63852
Node: FUNCTION CONTENT-LENGTH66362
Node: FUNCTION CONTENT-OF67031
Node: System Routines67900
Node: CBL_GC_GETOPT68433
Node: CBL_GC_HOSTED72529
Node: CBL_GC_NANOSLEEP77058
Node: CBL_GC_FORK77582
Node: CBL_GC_WAITPID80606
Node: Appendices81263
Node: Appendix A81881
Node: Appendix B105112
Node: Appendix C146406
Node: Appendix D152421
Node: Appendix E154890
Node: Appendix F156148
Node: Appendix G161114
Node: Appendix H170869
Node: Appendix I171942
Node: Appendix J193249

End Tag Table
