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<refentry id="pango-Bidirectional-Text">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle role="top_of_page" id="pango-Bidirectional-Text.top_of_page">Bidirectional Text</refentrytitle>
<manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
<refmiscinfo>PANGO Library</refmiscinfo>
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>Bidirectional Text</refname>
<refpurpose>Types and functions for bidirectional text</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>

<refsect1 id="pango-Bidirectional-Text.functions" role="functions_proto">
<title role="functions_proto.title">Functions</title>
<informaltable pgwide="1" frame="none">
<tgroup cols="2">
<colspec colname="functions_return" colwidth="150px"/>
<colspec colname="functions_name"/>
<tbody>
<row><entry role="function_type"><link linkend="PangoDirection"><returnvalue>PangoDirection</returnvalue></link>
</entry><entry role="function_name"><link linkend="pango-unichar-direction">pango_unichar_direction</link>&#160;<phrase role="c_punctuation">()</phrase></entry></row>
<row><entry role="function_type"><link linkend="PangoDirection"><returnvalue>PangoDirection</returnvalue></link>
</entry><entry role="function_name"><link linkend="pango-find-base-dir">pango_find_base_dir</link>&#160;<phrase role="c_punctuation">()</phrase></entry></row>
<row><entry role="function_type"><link linkend="gboolean"><returnvalue>gboolean</returnvalue></link>
</entry><entry role="function_name"><link linkend="pango-get-mirror-char">pango_get_mirror_char</link>&#160;<phrase role="c_punctuation">()</phrase></entry></row>
<row><entry role="function_type"><link linkend="PangoBidiType"><returnvalue>PangoBidiType</returnvalue></link>
</entry><entry role="function_name"><link linkend="pango-bidi-type-for-unichar">pango_bidi_type_for_unichar</link>&#160;<phrase role="c_punctuation">()</phrase></entry></row>

</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</refsect1>
<refsect1 id="pango-Bidirectional-Text.other" role="other_proto">
<title role="other_proto.title">Types and Values</title>
<informaltable role="enum_members_table" pgwide="1" frame="none">
<tgroup cols="2">
<colspec colname="name" colwidth="150px"/>
<colspec colname="description"/>
<tbody>
<row><entry role="datatype_keyword">enum</entry><entry role="function_name"><link linkend="PangoDirection">PangoDirection</link></entry></row>
<row><entry role="datatype_keyword">enum</entry><entry role="function_name"><link linkend="PangoBidiType">PangoBidiType</link></entry></row>

</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</refsect1>
<refsect1 id="pango-Bidirectional-Text.object-hierarchy" role="object_hierarchy">
<title role="object_hierarchy.title">Object Hierarchy</title>
<screen>    <link linkend="GEnum">GEnum</link>
    <phrase role="lineart">&#9500;&#9472;&#9472;</phrase> PangoBidiType
    <phrase role="lineart">&#9584;&#9472;&#9472;</phrase> PangoDirection
</screen>
</refsect1>


<refsect1 id="pango-Bidirectional-Text.description" role="desc">
<title role="desc.title">Description</title>
<para>Pango supports bidirectional text (like Arabic and Hebrew) automatically.
Some applications however, need some help to correctly handle bidirectional text.</para>
<para>The <link linkend="PangoDirection"><type>PangoDirection</type></link> type can be used with <link linkend="pango-context-set-base-dir"><function>pango_context_set_base_dir()</function></link> to
instruct Pango about direction of text, though in most cases Pango detects
that correctly and automatically.  The rest of the facilities in this section
are used internally by Pango already, and are provided to help applications
that need more direct control over bidirectional setting of text.</para>

</refsect1>
<refsect1 id="pango-Bidirectional-Text.functions_details" role="details">
<title role="details.title">Functions</title>
<refsect2 id="pango-unichar-direction" role="function" condition="deprecated:">
<title>pango_unichar_direction&#160;()</title>
<indexterm zone="pango-unichar-direction" role="deprecated"><primary>pango_unichar_direction</primary></indexterm>
<programlisting language="C"><link linkend="PangoDirection"><returnvalue>PangoDirection</returnvalue></link>
pango_unichar_direction (<parameter><link linkend="gunichar"><type>gunichar</type></link> ch</parameter>);</programlisting>
<warning><para><literal>pango_unichar_direction</literal> is deprecated and should not be used in newly-written code.</para></warning>
<para>Determines the inherent direction of a character; either
<link linkend="PANGO-DIRECTION-LTR:CAPS"><literal>PANGO_DIRECTION_LTR</literal></link>, <link linkend="PANGO-DIRECTION-RTL:CAPS"><literal>PANGO_DIRECTION_RTL</literal></link>, or
<link linkend="PANGO-DIRECTION-NEUTRAL:CAPS"><literal>PANGO_DIRECTION_NEUTRAL</literal></link>.</para>
<para>This function is useful to categorize characters into left-to-right
letters, right-to-left letters, and everything else.  If full
Unicode bidirectional type of a character is needed,
<link linkend="pango-bidi-type-for-unichar"><function>pango_bidi_type_for_unichar()</function></link> can be used instead.</para>
<refsect3 id="pango-unichar-direction.parameters" role="parameters">
<title>Parameters</title>
<informaltable role="parameters_table" pgwide="1" frame="none">
<tgroup cols="3">
<colspec colname="parameters_name" colwidth="150px"/>
<colspec colname="parameters_description"/>
<colspec colname="parameters_annotations" colwidth="200px"/>
<tbody>
<row><entry role="parameter_name"><para>ch</para></entry>
<entry role="parameter_description"><para>a Unicode character</para></entry>
<entry role="parameter_annotations"></entry></row>
</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
</refsect3><refsect3 id="pango-unichar-direction.returns" role="returns">
<title>Returns</title>
<para> the direction of the character.</para>
</refsect3></refsect2>
<refsect2 id="pango-find-base-dir" role="function" condition="deprecated:|since:1.4">
<title>pango_find_base_dir&#160;()</title>
<indexterm zone="pango-find-base-dir" role="deprecated"><primary>pango_find_base_dir</primary></indexterm><indexterm zone="pango-find-base-dir" role="1.4"><primary>pango_find_base_dir</primary></indexterm>
<programlisting language="C"><link linkend="PangoDirection"><returnvalue>PangoDirection</returnvalue></link>
pango_find_base_dir (<parameter>const <link linkend="gchar"><type>gchar</type></link> *text</parameter>,
                     <parameter><link linkend="gint"><type>gint</type></link> length</parameter>);</programlisting>
<warning><para><literal>pango_find_base_dir</literal> is deprecated and should not be used in newly-written code.</para></warning>
<para>Searches a string the first character that has a strong
direction, according to the Unicode bidirectional algorithm.</para>
<refsect3 id="pango-find-base-dir.parameters" role="parameters">
<title>Parameters</title>
<informaltable role="parameters_table" pgwide="1" frame="none">
<tgroup cols="3">
<colspec colname="parameters_name" colwidth="150px"/>
<colspec colname="parameters_description"/>
<colspec colname="parameters_annotations" colwidth="200px"/>
<tbody>
<row><entry role="parameter_name"><para>text</para></entry>
<entry role="parameter_description"><para>the text to process. Must be valid UTF-8</para></entry>
<entry role="parameter_annotations"></entry></row>
<row><entry role="parameter_name"><para>length</para></entry>
<entry role="parameter_description"><para>length of <parameter>text</parameter>
in bytes (may be -1 if <parameter>text</parameter>
is nul-terminated)</para></entry>
<entry role="parameter_annotations"></entry></row>
</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
</refsect3><refsect3 id="pango-find-base-dir.returns" role="returns">
<title>Returns</title>
<para> The direction corresponding to the first strong character.
If no such character is found, then <link linkend="PANGO-DIRECTION-NEUTRAL:CAPS"><literal>PANGO_DIRECTION_NEUTRAL</literal></link> is returned.</para>
</refsect3><para role="since">Since: <link linkend="api-index-1.4">1.4</link></para></refsect2>
<refsect2 id="pango-get-mirror-char" role="function" condition="deprecated:">
<title>pango_get_mirror_char&#160;()</title>
<indexterm zone="pango-get-mirror-char" role="deprecated"><primary>pango_get_mirror_char</primary></indexterm>
<programlisting language="C"><link linkend="gboolean"><returnvalue>gboolean</returnvalue></link>
pango_get_mirror_char (<parameter><link linkend="gunichar"><type>gunichar</type></link> ch</parameter>,
                       <parameter><link linkend="gunichar"><type>gunichar</type></link> *mirrored_ch</parameter>);</programlisting>
<warning><para><literal>pango_get_mirror_char</literal> is deprecated and should not be used in newly-written code.</para></warning>
<para>If <parameter>ch</parameter>
 has the Unicode mirrored property and there is another Unicode
character that typically has a glyph that is the mirror image of <parameter>ch</parameter>
's
glyph, puts that character in the address pointed to by <parameter>mirrored_ch</parameter>
.</para>
<para>Use <link linkend="g-unichar-get-mirror-char"><function>g_unichar_get_mirror_char()</function></link> instead; the docs for that function
provide full details.</para>
<refsect3 id="pango-get-mirror-char.parameters" role="parameters">
<title>Parameters</title>
<informaltable role="parameters_table" pgwide="1" frame="none">
<tgroup cols="3">
<colspec colname="parameters_name" colwidth="150px"/>
<colspec colname="parameters_description"/>
<colspec colname="parameters_annotations" colwidth="200px"/>
<tbody>
<row><entry role="parameter_name"><para>ch</para></entry>
<entry role="parameter_description"><para>a Unicode character</para></entry>
<entry role="parameter_annotations"></entry></row>
<row><entry role="parameter_name"><para>mirrored_ch</para></entry>
<entry role="parameter_description"><para>location to store the mirrored character</para></entry>
<entry role="parameter_annotations"></entry></row>
</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
</refsect3><refsect3 id="pango-get-mirror-char.returns" role="returns">
<title>Returns</title>
<para> <link linkend="TRUE:CAPS"><literal>TRUE</literal></link> if <parameter>ch</parameter>
has a mirrored character and <parameter>mirrored_ch</parameter>
is
filled in, <link linkend="FALSE:CAPS"><literal>FALSE</literal></link> otherwise</para>
</refsect3></refsect2>
<refsect2 id="pango-bidi-type-for-unichar" role="function" condition="deprecated:|since:1.22">
<title>pango_bidi_type_for_unichar&#160;()</title>
<indexterm zone="pango-bidi-type-for-unichar" role="deprecated"><primary>pango_bidi_type_for_unichar</primary></indexterm><indexterm zone="pango-bidi-type-for-unichar" role="1.22"><primary>pango_bidi_type_for_unichar</primary></indexterm>
<programlisting language="C"><link linkend="PangoBidiType"><returnvalue>PangoBidiType</returnvalue></link>
pango_bidi_type_for_unichar (<parameter><link linkend="gunichar"><type>gunichar</type></link> ch</parameter>);</programlisting>
<warning><para><literal>pango_bidi_type_for_unichar</literal> is deprecated and should not be used in newly-written code.</para></warning>
<para>Determines the normative bidirectional character type of a
character, as specified in the Unicode Character Database.</para>
<para>A simplified version of this function is available as
<link linkend="pango-unichar-direction"><function>pango_unichar_direction()</function></link>.</para>
<refsect3 id="pango-bidi-type-for-unichar.parameters" role="parameters">
<title>Parameters</title>
<informaltable role="parameters_table" pgwide="1" frame="none">
<tgroup cols="3">
<colspec colname="parameters_name" colwidth="150px"/>
<colspec colname="parameters_description"/>
<colspec colname="parameters_annotations" colwidth="200px"/>
<tbody>
<row><entry role="parameter_name"><para>ch</para></entry>
<entry role="parameter_description"><para>a Unicode character</para></entry>
<entry role="parameter_annotations"></entry></row>
</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
</refsect3><refsect3 id="pango-bidi-type-for-unichar.returns" role="returns">
<title>Returns</title>
<para> the bidirectional character type, as used in the
Unicode bidirectional algorithm.</para>
</refsect3><para role="since">Since: <link linkend="api-index-1.22">1.22</link></para></refsect2>

</refsect1>
<refsect1 id="pango-Bidirectional-Text.other_details" role="details">
<title role="details.title">Types and Values</title>
<refsect2 id="PangoDirection" role="enum">
<title>enum PangoDirection</title>
<indexterm zone="PangoDirection"><primary>PangoDirection</primary></indexterm>
<para>The <link linkend="PangoDirection"><type>PangoDirection</type></link> type represents a direction in the
Unicode bidirectional algorithm; not every value in this
enumeration makes sense for every usage of <link linkend="PangoDirection"><type>PangoDirection</type></link>;
for example, the return value of <link linkend="pango-unichar-direction"><function>pango_unichar_direction()</function></link>
and <link linkend="pango-find-base-dir"><function>pango_find_base_dir()</function></link> cannot be <link linkend="PANGO-DIRECTION-WEAK-LTR:CAPS"><literal>PANGO_DIRECTION_WEAK_LTR</literal></link>
or <link linkend="PANGO-DIRECTION-WEAK-RTL:CAPS"><literal>PANGO_DIRECTION_WEAK_RTL</literal></link>, since every character is either
neutral or has a strong direction; on the other hand
<link linkend="PANGO-DIRECTION-NEUTRAL:CAPS"><literal>PANGO_DIRECTION_NEUTRAL</literal></link> doesn't make sense to pass
to <link linkend="pango-itemize-with-base-dir"><function>pango_itemize_with_base_dir()</function></link>.</para>
<para>The <link linkend="PANGO-DIRECTION-TTB-LTR:CAPS"><literal>PANGO_DIRECTION_TTB_LTR</literal></link>, <link linkend="PANGO-DIRECTION-TTB-RTL:CAPS"><literal>PANGO_DIRECTION_TTB_RTL</literal></link>
values come from an earlier interpretation of this
enumeration as the writing direction of a block of
text and are no longer used; See <link linkend="PangoGravity"><type>PangoGravity</type></link> for how
vertical text is handled in Pango.</para>
<para>If you are interested in text direction, you should
really use fribidi directly. PangoDirection is only
retained because it is used in some public apis.</para>
<refsect3 id="PangoDirection.members" role="enum_members">
<title>Members</title>
<informaltable role="enum_members_table" pgwide="1" frame="none">
<tgroup cols="3">
<colspec colname="enum_members_name" colwidth="300px"/>
<colspec colname="enum_members_description"/>
<colspec colname="enum_members_annotations" colwidth="200px"/>
<tbody>
<row role="constant"><entry role="enum_member_name"><para id="PANGO-DIRECTION-LTR:CAPS">PANGO_DIRECTION_LTR</para></entry>
<entry role="enum_member_description"><para>A strong left-to-right direction</para>
</entry>
<entry role="enum_member_annotations"></entry>
</row>
<row role="constant"><entry role="enum_member_name"><para id="PANGO-DIRECTION-RTL:CAPS">PANGO_DIRECTION_RTL</para></entry>
<entry role="enum_member_description"><para>A strong right-to-left direction</para>
</entry>
<entry role="enum_member_annotations"></entry>
</row>
<row role="constant"><entry role="enum_member_name"><para id="PANGO-DIRECTION-TTB-LTR:CAPS">PANGO_DIRECTION_TTB_LTR</para></entry>
<entry role="enum_member_description"><para>Deprecated value; treated the
  same as <link linkend="PANGO-DIRECTION-RTL:CAPS"><literal>PANGO_DIRECTION_RTL</literal></link>.</para>
</entry>
<entry role="enum_member_annotations"></entry>
</row>
<row role="constant"><entry role="enum_member_name"><para id="PANGO-DIRECTION-TTB-RTL:CAPS">PANGO_DIRECTION_TTB_RTL</para></entry>
<entry role="enum_member_description"><para>Deprecated value; treated the
  same as <link linkend="PANGO-DIRECTION-LTR:CAPS"><literal>PANGO_DIRECTION_LTR</literal></link></para>
</entry>
<entry role="enum_member_annotations"></entry>
</row>
<row role="constant"><entry role="enum_member_name"><para id="PANGO-DIRECTION-WEAK-LTR:CAPS">PANGO_DIRECTION_WEAK_LTR</para></entry>
<entry role="enum_member_description"><para>A weak left-to-right direction</para>
</entry>
<entry role="enum_member_annotations"></entry>
</row>
<row role="constant"><entry role="enum_member_name"><para id="PANGO-DIRECTION-WEAK-RTL:CAPS">PANGO_DIRECTION_WEAK_RTL</para></entry>
<entry role="enum_member_description"><para>A weak right-to-left direction</para>
</entry>
<entry role="enum_member_annotations"></entry>
</row>
<row role="constant"><entry role="enum_member_name"><para id="PANGO-DIRECTION-NEUTRAL:CAPS">PANGO_DIRECTION_NEUTRAL</para></entry>
<entry role="enum_member_description"><para>No direction specified</para>
</entry>
<entry role="enum_member_annotations"></entry>
</row>
</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
</refsect3></refsect2>
<refsect2 id="PangoBidiType" role="enum" condition="deprecated:1.44: Use fribidi for this information|since:1.22">
<title>enum PangoBidiType</title>
<indexterm zone="PangoBidiType" role="deprecated"><primary>PangoBidiType</primary></indexterm><indexterm zone="PangoBidiType" role="1.22"><primary>PangoBidiType</primary></indexterm>
<warning><para><literal>PangoBidiType</literal> has been deprecated since version 1.44 and should not be used in newly-written code.</para> <para>Use fribidi for this information</para>
</warning>
<para>The <link linkend="PangoBidiType"><type>PangoBidiType</type></link> type represents the bidirectional character
type of a Unicode character as specified by the</para>
<ulink url="http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr9/">Unicode bidirectional algorithm</ulink>.
<refsect3 id="PangoBidiType.members" role="enum_members">
<title>Members</title>
<informaltable role="enum_members_table" pgwide="1" frame="none">
<tgroup cols="3">
<colspec colname="enum_members_name" colwidth="300px"/>
<colspec colname="enum_members_description"/>
<colspec colname="enum_members_annotations" colwidth="200px"/>
<tbody>
<row role="constant"><entry role="enum_member_name"><para id="PANGO-BIDI-TYPE-L:CAPS">PANGO_BIDI_TYPE_L</para></entry>
<entry role="enum_member_description"><para>Left-to-Right</para>
</entry>
<entry role="enum_member_annotations"></entry>
</row>
<row role="constant"><entry role="enum_member_name"><para id="PANGO-BIDI-TYPE-LRE:CAPS">PANGO_BIDI_TYPE_LRE</para></entry>
<entry role="enum_member_description"><para>Left-to-Right Embedding</para>
</entry>
<entry role="enum_member_annotations"></entry>
</row>
<row role="constant"><entry role="enum_member_name"><para id="PANGO-BIDI-TYPE-LRO:CAPS">PANGO_BIDI_TYPE_LRO</para></entry>
<entry role="enum_member_description"><para>Left-to-Right Override</para>
</entry>
<entry role="enum_member_annotations"></entry>
</row>
<row role="constant"><entry role="enum_member_name"><para id="PANGO-BIDI-TYPE-R:CAPS">PANGO_BIDI_TYPE_R</para></entry>
<entry role="enum_member_description"><para>Right-to-Left</para>
</entry>
<entry role="enum_member_annotations"></entry>
</row>
<row role="constant"><entry role="enum_member_name"><para id="PANGO-BIDI-TYPE-AL:CAPS">PANGO_BIDI_TYPE_AL</para></entry>
<entry role="enum_member_description"><para>Right-to-Left Arabic</para>
</entry>
<entry role="enum_member_annotations"></entry>
</row>
<row role="constant"><entry role="enum_member_name"><para id="PANGO-BIDI-TYPE-RLE:CAPS">PANGO_BIDI_TYPE_RLE</para></entry>
<entry role="enum_member_description"><para>Right-to-Left Embedding</para>
</entry>
<entry role="enum_member_annotations"></entry>
</row>
<row role="constant"><entry role="enum_member_name"><para id="PANGO-BIDI-TYPE-RLO:CAPS">PANGO_BIDI_TYPE_RLO</para></entry>
<entry role="enum_member_description"><para>Right-to-Left Override</para>
</entry>
<entry role="enum_member_annotations"></entry>
</row>
<row role="constant"><entry role="enum_member_name"><para id="PANGO-BIDI-TYPE-PDF:CAPS">PANGO_BIDI_TYPE_PDF</para></entry>
<entry role="enum_member_description"><para>Pop Directional Format</para>
</entry>
<entry role="enum_member_annotations"></entry>
</row>
<row role="constant"><entry role="enum_member_name"><para id="PANGO-BIDI-TYPE-EN:CAPS">PANGO_BIDI_TYPE_EN</para></entry>
<entry role="enum_member_description"><para>European Number</para>
</entry>
<entry role="enum_member_annotations"></entry>
</row>
<row role="constant"><entry role="enum_member_name"><para id="PANGO-BIDI-TYPE-ES:CAPS">PANGO_BIDI_TYPE_ES</para></entry>
<entry role="enum_member_description"><para>European Number Separator</para>
</entry>
<entry role="enum_member_annotations"></entry>
</row>
<row role="constant"><entry role="enum_member_name"><para id="PANGO-BIDI-TYPE-ET:CAPS">PANGO_BIDI_TYPE_ET</para></entry>
<entry role="enum_member_description"><para>European Number Terminator</para>
</entry>
<entry role="enum_member_annotations"></entry>
</row>
<row role="constant"><entry role="enum_member_name"><para id="PANGO-BIDI-TYPE-AN:CAPS">PANGO_BIDI_TYPE_AN</para></entry>
<entry role="enum_member_description"><para>Arabic Number</para>
</entry>
<entry role="enum_member_annotations"></entry>
</row>
<row role="constant"><entry role="enum_member_name"><para id="PANGO-BIDI-TYPE-CS:CAPS">PANGO_BIDI_TYPE_CS</para></entry>
<entry role="enum_member_description"><para>Common Number Separator</para>
</entry>
<entry role="enum_member_annotations"></entry>
</row>
<row role="constant"><entry role="enum_member_name"><para id="PANGO-BIDI-TYPE-NSM:CAPS">PANGO_BIDI_TYPE_NSM</para></entry>
<entry role="enum_member_description"><para>Nonspacing Mark</para>
</entry>
<entry role="enum_member_annotations"></entry>
</row>
<row role="constant"><entry role="enum_member_name"><para id="PANGO-BIDI-TYPE-BN:CAPS">PANGO_BIDI_TYPE_BN</para></entry>
<entry role="enum_member_description"><para>Boundary Neutral</para>
</entry>
<entry role="enum_member_annotations"></entry>
</row>
<row role="constant"><entry role="enum_member_name"><para id="PANGO-BIDI-TYPE-B:CAPS">PANGO_BIDI_TYPE_B</para></entry>
<entry role="enum_member_description"><para>Paragraph Separator</para>
</entry>
<entry role="enum_member_annotations"></entry>
</row>
<row role="constant"><entry role="enum_member_name"><para id="PANGO-BIDI-TYPE-S:CAPS">PANGO_BIDI_TYPE_S</para></entry>
<entry role="enum_member_description"><para>Segment Separator</para>
</entry>
<entry role="enum_member_annotations"></entry>
</row>
<row role="constant"><entry role="enum_member_name"><para id="PANGO-BIDI-TYPE-WS:CAPS">PANGO_BIDI_TYPE_WS</para></entry>
<entry role="enum_member_description"><para>Whitespace</para>
</entry>
<entry role="enum_member_annotations"></entry>
</row>
<row role="constant"><entry role="enum_member_name"><para id="PANGO-BIDI-TYPE-ON:CAPS">PANGO_BIDI_TYPE_ON</para></entry>
<entry role="enum_member_description"><para>Other Neutrals</para>
</entry>
<entry role="enum_member_annotations"></entry>
</row>
</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
</refsect3><para role="since">Since: <link linkend="api-index-1.22">1.22</link></para></refsect2>

</refsect1>
<refsect1 id="pango-Bidirectional-Text.see-also">
<title>See Also</title>
<para>pango_context_get_base_dir(),
<link linkend="pango-context-set-base-dir"><function>pango_context_set_base_dir()</function></link>,
<link linkend="pango-itemize-with-base-dir"><function>pango_itemize_with_base_dir()</function></link></para>

</refsect1>

</refentry>
