# SET ROLE statement

The SET ROLE statement sets the current role for the current SQL context of a session.

You can set a role only if the current user has been granted the role, or if the role has been granted to PUBLIC.

For more information on roles, see "Using SQL roles" in the Derby Security Guide.

## Syntax

    SET ROLE { roleName | 'stringConstant' | ? | NONE }

If you specify a roleName of NONE, the effect is to unset the current role.

If you specify the role as a string constant or as a dynamic parameter specification (`?`), any leading and trailing blanks are trimmed from the string before attempting to use the remaining (sub)string as a roleName. The dynamic parameter specification can be used in prepared statements, so the SET ROLE statement can be prepared once and then executed with different role values. You cannot specify NONE as a dynamic parameter.

Setting a role identifies a set of privileges that is a union of the following:

- The privileges granted to that role
- The union of privileges of roles contained in that role (for a definition of role containment, see "Syntax for roles" in GRANT statement)

In a session, the current privileges define what the session is allowed to access. The current privileges are the union of the following:

- The privileges granted to the current user
- The privileges granted to PUBLIC
- The privileges identified by the current role, if set

The SET ROLE statement is not transactional; a rollback does not undo the effect of setting a role. If a transaction is in progress, an attempt to set a role results in an error.

## Examples

    SET ROLE reader;

      // These examples show the use of SET ROLE in JDBC statements.
      // The case normal form is visible in the SYS.SYSROLES system table.
      stmt.execute("SET ROLE admin");      -- case normal form: ADMIN
      stmt.execute("SET ROLE \"admin\"");  -- case normal form: admin
      stmt.execute("SET ROLE none");       -- special case

      PreparedStatement ps = conn.prepareStatement("SET ROLE ?");
      ps.setString(1, "  admin ");  -- on execute: case normal form: ADMIN
      ps.setString(1, "\"admin\""); -- on execute: case normal form: admin
      ps.setString(1, "none");      -- on execute: syntax error
      ps.setString(1, "\"none\"");  -- on execute: case normal form: none

Parent topic: SET statements
Related reference
SET CONSTRAINTS statement
SET ISOLATION statement
SET SCHEMA statement
CREATE ROLE statement
DROP ROLE statement
CURRENT_ROLE function
SYSROLES system table