/*

   Derby - org.apache.derby.impl.jdbc.PositionedStoreStream

   Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
   or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
   distributed with this work for additional information
   regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
   to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
   "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
   with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at

     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
   software distributed under the License is distributed on an
   "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
   KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
   specific language governing permissions and limitations
   under the License.

 */
package org.apache.derby.impl.jdbc;

import java.io.EOFException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;

import org.apache.derby.shared.common.error.StandardException;
import org.apache.derby.iapi.services.io.InputStreamUtil;
import org.apache.derby.shared.common.sanity.SanityManager;
import org.apache.derby.iapi.types.PositionedStream;
import org.apache.derby.iapi.types.Resetable;

/**
 * A wrapper-stream able to reposition the underlying store stream.
 * <p>
 * Where a user expects the underlying stream to be at a given position,
 * {@link #reposition} must be called with the expected position first. A use
 * case for this scenario is the LOB objects, where you can request a stream and
 * at the same time (this does not mean concurrently) query the LOB about its
 * length or ask to get a part of the LOB returned. Such multiplexed operations
 * must result in consistent and valid data, and to achieve this the underlying
 * store stream must be able to reposition itself.
 *
 * <em>Synchronization</em>: Access to instances of this class must be
 * externally synchronized on the connection synchronization object. There are
 * two reasons for this:
 * <ul> <li>Access to store must be single threaded.
 *      <li>This class is not thread safe, and calling the various methods from
 *          different threads concurrently can result in inconsistent position
 *          values. To avoid redundant internal synchronization, this class
 *          assumes and <b>requires</b> external synchronization (also called
 *          client-side locking).
 * </ul>
 * @see EmbedConnection#getConnectionSynchronization
 */
//@NotThreadSafe
public class PositionedStoreStream
    extends InputStream
    implements PositionedStream, Resetable {

    /** Underlying store stream serving bytes. */
    //@GuardedBy("EmbedConnection.getConnectionSynchronization()")
    private final InputStream stream;
    /**
     * Position of the underlying store stream.
     * Note that the position is maintained by this class, not the underlying
     * store stream itself.
     * <em>Future improvement</em>: Add this functionality to the underlying
     * store stream itself to avoid another level in the stream stack.
     */
    //@GuardedBy("EmbedConnection.getConnectionSynchronization()")
    private long pos = 0L;

    /**
     * Creates a positioned store stream on top of the specified resettable
     * stream.
     * <p>
     * Upon creation, the underlying stream is initiated and reset to make
     * sure the states of the streams are in sync with each other.
     *
     * @param in a {@link Resetable}-stream
     */
    public PositionedStoreStream(InputStream in)
            throws IOException, StandardException {
        this.stream = in;
        // We need to know the stream is in a consistent state.
        ((Resetable)in).initStream();
        ((Resetable)in).resetStream();
    }

    /**
     * Reads a number of bytes from the underlying stream and stores them in the
     * specified byte array.
     *
     * @return The actual number of bytes read, or -1 if the end of the stream
     *      is reached.
     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
     */
    public int read(byte[] b)
            throws IOException {
        return read(b, 0, b.length);
    }

    /**
     * Reads a number of bytes from the underlying stream and stores them in the
     * specified byte array at the specified offset.
     *
     * @return The actual number of bytes read, or -1 if the end of the stream
     *      is reached.
     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
     */
    public int read(byte[] b, int off, int len)
            throws IOException {
        int ret = this.stream.read(b, off, len);
        if (ret > -1) {
            this.pos += ret;
        }
        return ret;
    }

    /**
     * Reads a single byte from the underlying stream.
     *
     * @return The next byte of data, or -1 if the end of the stream is reached.
     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
     */
    public int read()
            throws IOException {
        int ret = this.stream.read();
        if (ret > -1) {
            this.pos++;
        }
        return ret;
    }

    /**
     * Skips up to the specified number of bytes from the underlying stream.
     *
     * @return The actual number of bytes skipped.
     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
     */
    public long skip(long toSkip)
            throws IOException {
        long ret = this.stream.skip(toSkip);
        this.pos += ret;
        return ret;
    }

    /**
     * Resets the resettable stream.
     *
     * @throws IOException
     * @throws StandardException if resetting the stream in store fails
     * @see Resetable#resetStream
     */
    public void resetStream()
            throws IOException, StandardException {
        ((Resetable)this.stream).resetStream();
        this.pos = 0L;
    }

    /**
     * Initialize the resettable stream for use.
     *
     * @throws StandardException if initializing the store in stream fails
     * @see Resetable#initStream
     */
    public void initStream()
            throws StandardException {
        ((Resetable)this.stream).initStream();
    }

    /**
     * Closes the resettable stream.
     *
     * @see Resetable#closeStream
     */
    public void closeStream() {
        ((Resetable)this.stream).closeStream();
    }

    /**
     * Repositions the underlying store stream to the requested position.
     * <p>
     * Repositioning is required because there can be several uses of the store
     * stream, which changes the position of it. If a class is dependent on the
     * underlying stream not changing its position, it must call reposition with
     * the position it expects before using the stream again.
     * <p>
     * If the repositioning fails because the stream is exhausted, most likely
     * because of an invalid position specified by the user, the stream is
     * reset to position zero and the {@code EOFException} is rethrown.
     *
     * @throws EOFException if the stream is exhausted before the requested
     *      position is reached
     * @throws IOException if reading from the store stream fails
     * @throws StandardException if resetting the store in stream fails, or
     *      some other exception happens in store
     * @see #getPosition
     */
    public void reposition(final long requestedPos)
            throws IOException, StandardException {
        if (SanityManager.DEBUG) {
            if (requestedPos < 0) {
                SanityManager.THROWASSERT("Negative position: " + requestedPos);
            }
        }
        if (this.pos > requestedPos) {
            // Reset stream to reposition from start.
            resetStream();
        }
        if (this.pos < requestedPos) {
            try {
                InputStreamUtil.skipFully(stream, requestedPos - pos);
            } catch (EOFException eofe) {
                // A position after the end of the stream was requested.
                // To recover, and for consistency, reset to position zero.
                resetStream();
                throw eofe;
            }
            // Operation successful, update position.
            this.pos = requestedPos;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns the current position of the underlying store stream.
     *
     * @return Current byte position of the store stream.
     */
    public long getPosition() {
        return this.pos;
    }

    public InputStream asInputStream() {
        return this;
    }

} // End class PositionedStoreStream
