---
uid: Lucene.Net
title: Lucene.Net
summary: *content
---

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Apache Lucene.NET is a high-performance, full-featured text search engine library. Here's a simple example how to use Lucene.NET for indexing and searching (using NUnit to check if the results are what we expect):

```cs
Analyzer analyzer = new StandardAnalyzer(Version.LUCENE_CURRENT);

// Store the index in memory:
Directory directory = new RAMDirectory();
// To store an index on disk, use this instead:
// Construct a machine-independent path for the index
//var basePath = Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.CommonApplicationData);
//var indexPath = Path.Combine(basePath, "index");
//Directory directory = FSDirectory.Open(indexPath);
IndexWriterConfig config = new IndexWriterConfig(LuceneVersion.LUCENE_CURRENT, analyzer);
using IndexWriter iwriter = new IndexWriter(directory, config);
Document doc = new Document();
String text = "This is the text to be indexed.";
doc.Add(new Field("fieldname", text, TextField.TYPE_STORED));
iwriter.AddDocument(doc);
iwriter.Dispose();

// Now search the index:
using DirectoryReader ireader = DirectoryReader.Open(directory);
IndexSearcher isearcher = new IndexSearcher(ireader);
// Parse a simple query that searches for "text":
QueryParser parser = new QueryParser(LuceneVersion.LUCENE_CURRENT, "fieldname", analyzer);
Query query = parser.Parse("text");
ScoreDoc[] hits = isearcher.Search(query, null, 1000).ScoreDocs;
Assert.AreEqual(1, hits.Length);
// Iterate through the results:
for (int i = 0; i < hits.Length; i++)
{
	Document hitDoc = isearcher.Doc(hits[i].Doc);
	Assert.AreEqual("This is the text to be indexed.", hitDoc.Get("fieldname"));
}
```

The Lucene API is divided into several packages:

*   __<xref:Lucene.Net.Analysis>__
defines an abstract [Analyzer](xref:Lucene.Net.Analysis.Analyzer)
API for converting text from a [System.Text.TextReader](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.io.textreader)
into a [TokenStream](xref:Lucene.Net.Analysis.TokenStream),
an enumeration of token [Attribute](xref:Lucene.Net.Util.Attribute)s. 
A TokenStream can be composed by applying [TokenFilter](xref:Lucene.Net.Analysis.TokenFilter)s
to the output of a [Tokenizer](xref:Lucene.Net.Analysis.Tokenizer). 
Tokenizers and TokenFilters are strung together and applied with an [Analyzer](xref:Lucene.Net.Analysis.Analyzer). 
[Lucene.Net.Analysis.Common](../analysis-common/overview.html) provides a number of Analyzer implementations, including 
[StopAnalyzer](../analysis-common/Lucene.Net.Analysis.Core.StopAnalyzer.html)
and the grammar-based [StandardAnalyzer](../analysis-common/Lucene.Net.Analysis.Standard.StandardAnalyzer.html).


*   __<xref:Lucene.Net.Codecs>__
provides an abstraction over the encoding and decoding of the inverted index structure,
as well as different implementations that can be chosen depending upon application needs.


*   __<xref:Lucene.Net.Documents>__
provides a simple [Document](xref:Lucene.Net.Documents.Document)
class.  A Document is simply a set of named [Field](xref:Lucene.Net.Documents.Field)s,
whose values may be strings or instances of [System.Text.TextReader](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.io.textreader).


*   __<xref:Lucene.Net.Index>__
provides two primary classes: [IndexWriter](xref:Lucene.Net.Index.IndexWriter),
which creates and adds documents to indices; and [IndexReader](xref:Lucene.Net.Index.IndexReader),
which accesses the data in the index.


*   __<xref:Lucene.Net.Search>__
provides data structures to represent queries (ie [TermQuery](xref:Lucene.Net.Search.TermQuery)
for individual words, [PhraseQuery](xref:Lucene.Net.Search.PhraseQuery) 
for phrases, and [BooleanQuery](xref:Lucene.Net.Search.BooleanQuery) 
for boolean combinations of queries) and the [IndexSearcher](xref:Lucene.Net.Search.IndexSearcher)
which turns queries into [TopDocs](xref:Lucene.Net.Search.TopDocs).
A number of [QueryParser](../queryparser/overview.html)s are provided for producing
query structures from strings or XML.


*   __<xref:Lucene.Net.Store>__
defines an abstract class for storing persistent data, the [Directory](xref:Lucene.Net.Store.Directory),
which is a collection of named files written by an [IndexOutput](xref:Lucene.Net.Store.IndexOutput)
and read by an [IndexInput](xref:Lucene.Net.Store.IndexInput). 
Multiple implementations are provided, including [FSDirectory](xref:Lucene.Net.Store.FSDirectory),
which uses a file system directory to store files, and [RAMDirectory](xref:Lucene.Net.Store.RAMDirectory)
which implements files as memory-resident data structures.


*   __<xref:Lucene.Net.Util>__
contains a few handy data structures and util classes, ie [OpenBitSet](xref:Lucene.Net.Util.OpenBitSet)
and [PriorityQueue](xref:Lucene.Net.Util.PriorityQueue).

To use Lucene, an application should:

1.  Create [Document](xref:Lucene.Net.Documents.Document)s by
adding [Field](xref:Lucene.Net.Documents.Field)s;


2.  Create an [IndexWriter](xref:Lucene.Net.Index.IndexWriter)
and add documents to it with [AddDocument()](xref:Lucene.Net.Index.IndexWriter#Lucene_Net_Index_IndexWriter_AddDocument_System_Collections_Generic_IEnumerable_Lucene_Net_Index_IIndexableField__Lucene_Net_Analysis_Analyzer_);


3.  Call [QueryParser.Parse()](../queryparser/Lucene.Net.QueryParsers.Classic.QueryParserBase.html#Lucene_Net_QueryParsers_Classic_QueryParserBase_Parse_System_String_)
to build a query from a string; and


4.  Create an [IndexSearcher](xref:Lucene.Net.Search.IndexSearcher)
and pass the query to its [Search()](xref:Lucene.Net.Search.IndexSearcher#Lucene_Net_Search_IndexSearcher_Search_Lucene_Net_Search_Query_System_Int32_)
method.

Some simple examples of code which does this are:

*    [IndexFiles.cs](../demo/Lucene.Net.Demo.IndexFiles.html) creates an
index for all the files contained in a directory.


*    [SearchFiles.cs](../demo/Lucene.Net.Demo.SearchFiles.html) prompts for
queries and searches an index.

> [!TIP]
> These demos can be run and code viewed/exported using the [lucene-cli](../../cli/index.html) dotnet tool.

To demonstrate this, try something like:

```
> dotnet demo index-files index rec.food.recipies/soups
adding rec.food.recipes/soups/abalone-chowder
[...]

> dotnet demo search-files index
Query: chowder
Searching for: chowder
34 total matching documents
1. rec.food.recipes/soups/spam-chowder
  [ ... thirty-four documents contain the word "chowder" ... ]

Query: "clam chowder" AND Manhattan
Searching for: +"clam chowder" +manhattan
2 total matching documents
1. rec.food.recipes/soups/clam-chowder
  [ ... two documents contain the phrase "clam chowder" and the word "manhattan" ... ]
  [ Note: "+" and "-" are canonical, but "AND", "OR" and "NOT" may be used. ]
```

